基于鱼类生境需求的生态流量过程研究  

Study on Ecological Flow Regime Based on Habitat Requirements of Fish

作　　者：张志广[1] 谭奇林[1] 钟治国[1] 金弈 杜建明 

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团北京勘测设计研究院有限公司,北京100024 [2]中电投新疆能源化工集团南疆分公司,新疆阿克苏843000

出　　处：《水力发电》2016年第4期13-17,共5页Water Power

摘　　要：选用日涨水率和日落水率两个生态水文因子,构建裂腹鱼栖息地生态水文学特征指标。结果表明,产卵期日涨水率的适宜范围为0.005~0.015,日落水率的适宜范围为0.005~0.015;非产卵期（5~10月）日涨水率的适宜范围为0.01~0.05,日落水率的适宜范围为0.02~0.04。采用文献法和专家法得出裂腹鱼产卵期偏好水深范围为0.5~1.5 m、偏好流速范围为0.5~2.0 m/s。用不同方法计算了苏洼龙水电站坝下河段生态需水量,并结合金沙江上游天然河流的水文情势及裂腹鱼栖息地生态水文学特征,以生态水力学法的计算结果作为基流量,确定了苏洼龙水电站坝下河段的生态流量过程。The eco-hydrological index system for Schizothorax habitat is constructed based on two eco-hydrological factors of rise rate and fall rate. The results show that the suitable rang of rise rate and fall rate is all from 0. 005 to 0. 015 for spawning requirements, and 0. 01 ~ 0. 05 and 0. 02 ~ 0. 04 in other periods（ from May to October） respectively. Based on documentary method and expert advices, the preference range of water depth and velocity is 0. 5 ~ 1. 5 m and 0. 5 ~ 2. 0 m /s respectively in the period of schizothorax spawning. The ecological water demand is calculated for the downstream reach of Suwalong Hydropower Station by using different methods. On this basis, combining the nature water regime in the upper reach of Jinsha River and the eco-hydrological characteristics of Schizothorax habitat, the result of eco-hydraulics method is taken as ecological basic flow, and the ecological flow regime for the downstream reach of Suwalong Hydropower Station is finally determined.

关 键 词：生境特征 生态需水 生态流量过程 金沙江上游 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]