介词“于”语法化再谈  

Discussion Again on the Grammarticalization of the Preposition “Yu”

作　　者：魏金光[1] 

机构地区：[1]遵义师范学院人文与传媒学院,贵州遵义563002

出　　处：《河北科技师范学院学报（社会科学版）》2016年第1期26-30,共5页Journal of Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"语法化视野下的介词更新研究"(11BYY075);贵州省社科规划项目"古汉语介词即时查询系统构建"(13GZQN22)

摘　　要：殷商时期"于"的及物性和语义概括性决定了它在"V+于+N"结构中成为语法化源词的首选者。当V编码位移事件时,"于"的[+位移]和[+方向]丢失特征未丢失,而是处于"动介词"阶段;当V编码非位移事件时,其"语义溢出"使"于""去语义化"为介词。"语境泛化"是动词"于"介词化的基本句法机制,它存在"动词>动介词>介词"这一语法化"斜坡"和"动介重新分析"的过程。Owing to the transitivity and semantic generalization the word ＂Yu＂has become the source word of the grammarticalization in the＂V ＋ Yu ＋ N＂in Shang Dynasty. When the V encpded the motion event,the semantic feature（ [＋ displacement] and [＋ direction]） of the word ＂Yu＂didn＇t lose,but was in the gradation of the ＂coverb＂. When the V encpded the non-motion event,the ＂semantic overflowing＂of the V brought about the lost of the semantic feature of the word ＂Yu＂which became into the preposition. The context generalization was the elementary syntactic mechanism that the full word＂Yu＂became into the preposition. The＂desemanticization＂of the word＂Yu＂made it become a preposition. For the full word ＂Yu＂,the ＂grammarticalization cline＂（ ＂verb〉 coverb 〉preposition＂） existed,and so did the ＂V〉 P Reanalysis＂.

关 键 词：“于” 语法化 介词 语境泛化 语义溢出 

分 类 号：G127.22[文化科学]