毕节自育特色烤烟品种烟叶衰老期的氮代谢特征  

Nitrogen Metabolism Characteristics of Bijie Specific Tobacco Leaves at Leaf Decrepitude Period

作　　者：戚莹[1] 李晓睿[1] 武云杰[1] 侯冰清 张景华[1] 张小全[1] 翟欣 杨铁钊[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,河南郑州450002 [2]贵州省烟草公司毕节地区公司,贵州毕节551700

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2016年第3期59-64,共6页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省烟草公司科技攻关项目"毕节特色烤烟品种的深度挖掘与配套技术研究"(2010-16)

摘　　要：为毕节特色优质烤烟生产上的合理施肥提供理论依据,通过设置不同施氮量处理,研究氮素营养对3个毕节自育特色烤烟品种氮代谢相关指标的影响。结果表明：随着施氮量的增加,烟叶成熟过程中质体色素、可溶性蛋白和总氮积累量增大,谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）、谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）、硝酸还原酶活性（NR）增强,氨气补偿点升高,烟叶氮代谢强度增强。品种间差异显著,毕纳1号的氮素营养物质降解速率较快,其GS活性和NR活性较低,GDH活性较高,氨气补偿点较高,耐肥性较强;黔西1号耐肥性较弱,韭菜坪2号居中。烟叶的氮素运筹是氮素吸收、同化和在再转移能力的表现,其中GS活性起主导作用。毕纳1号、韭菜坪2号和黔西1号的氮代谢相关指标均以6kg/667m^2施氮量处理氮代谢较为协调,以毕纳1号耐肥性最强,适合6~7.5kg/667m^2肥力条件,黔西1号耐肥性较弱,适合4.5~6kg/667m^2的肥力条件,韭菜坪2号居中,适合6kg/667m^2的肥力条件。The randomized block design was used to study the effect of different nitrogen application amount on the related indexes of nitrogen metabolism in three specific tobacco varieties bred by Bijie and to provide the theoretical basis for rational application of specific quality tobacco varieties in Bijie.Results：The accumulation amount of plamochromic pigment,soluble protein and total nitrogen in tobacco leaves,leaf GS,GDH and NR activity,leaf ammonia gas compensation point and leaf nitrogen metabolism increase with increase of nitrogen application amount during the tobacco leaf maturation process but there are significant differences among three tobacco varieties.Bina 1has the characteristics of rapid nitrogen nutrient matter degradation rate,lower GS and Nr activity,high GDH activity,higher ammonia gas compensation point.The fertilizer tolerance of Bina 1is the strongest,followed by Jiucaiping 2and Qianxi1.The nitrogen management of tobacco leaves is performance of nitrogen absorption,assimilation and retransfer ability and GS activity plays the leading role in nitrogen absorption,assimilation and re-transfers ability of tobacco leaves.The optimum nitrogen metabolism relative index for Bina 1,Jiucaiping 2and Qianxi 1is under 6 kg/667m^2 nitrogen application amount.Bina 1 with strong fertilizer tolerance,Jiucaiping 2with moderate fertilizer tolerance and Qianxi 1with weak fertilizer tolerance are suitable to 6~7.5kg/667m^2,6kg/667m^2 and 4.5~6kg/667m^2 nitrogen application amount respectively.

关 键 词：烤烟 氮代谢 品种 施氮量 毕节 

分 类 号：S572.062[农业科学—烟草工业]