逆向供应链的非合作代价分析  

Quantifying the price of anarchy in reverse supply chains

作　　者：马祖军[1] 叶郁森 代颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学经济管理学院物流与应急管理研究所,成都610031 [2]西南交通大学交通运输与物流学院,成都610031

出　　处：《管理科学学报》2016年第2期66-73,共8页Journal of Management Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金资助项目(71103149);国家自然科学基金重大资助项目(71490722);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助项目(NCET-10-0706)

摘　　要：为衡量基于价格合同的逆向供应链运作效率,将非合作代价(Po A)概念引入逆向供应链.考虑废旧产品供应的不确定性,分析了推式和拉式两种结构的两级和多级逆向供应链在分散决策时效率损失的上界.研究表明,逆向供应链并非正向供应链的简单逆过程,这是由于逆向供应链的不确定性主要来自上游端,从而需要考虑废旧产品供应不足导致的缺货风险;推式与拉式两种结构下具有一致的Po A,即分散决策下的效率损失与谁来承担风险无关.此外,逆向供应链级数的递增会加剧供应链效率损失,但逆向供应链级数一定时Po A趋于定值.The price of anarchy（ Po A） is introduced to quantify the efficiency of reverse supply chains that use price-only contracts. Considering the uncertainty existing in the supply of used products,the upper bounds of efficiency losses in a decentralized reverse supply chain are derived for different configurations： push or pull with two or more stages. The results show that a reverse supply chain is not just the reverse of a forward supply chain,because the uncertainty in a reverse supply chain comes mainly from the supply side,and it is necessary to take into account the out-of-stock risk due to the insufficient supply of used products. The Po A in a decentralized supply chain proves to be constant for both push and pull configurations. That is,who bears the risk has no effect on the loss of efficiency. Besides,the efficiency generally drops with the number of intermediaries in a reverse supply chain. For a reverse supply chain with fixed stages,however,the value of Po A turns out to be constant.

关 键 词：逆向供应链 效率损失 非合作代价 双重边际效应 

分 类 号：F252[经济管理—国民经济]