西夏语声母系统拟测  

Reconstruction of the Initials of the Phonology of the Tangut Language

作　　者：孙宏开[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,北京100081 [2]语言能力协同创新中心,江苏徐州221009

出　　处：《语言科学》2016年第1期21-33,共13页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大委托项目(11@ZH001)的资助

摘　　要：有关西夏语语音系统的构拟,前人已经有许多套,但是采用的方法均为内部构拟法,大同小异。在一定程度上有明显的局限性。文章采用内部构拟和外部构拟相结合的方法,重新构拟了西夏语的声母系统。这个系统由于参考了羌语支语言的特点,特别参考了西夏语与羌语支语言同源词的语音面貌,与前人的构拟有许多不同。主要是:第一,构拟了小舌部位的塞音系统;第二,构拟了带鼻冠的浊塞音、浊塞擦音以及带鼻冠的送气塞音、送气塞擦音,并与纯浊音加以区别;第三,构拟了3套塞擦音,区别了舌上音和正齿音;第四,构拟了带h-、-前置辅音构成的复辅音16个,并提出了构拟的理由。There are a number of versions of reconstruction of the initial system of the Tangut phonology. Basically, they have almost invariably adopted the method of inner-language reconstruction. In order to avoid the limitation, this paper has turned to the cognate words in Qiangic languages apart from the method of inner-language reconstruction. The initial system reconstructed in this paper is, therefore, different from the previous versions in the following aspects： a） the reconstruction of the uvula stop system; b） the reconstruction of nasal voiced stop, voiced affricative, nasal aspirated stop, and aspirated affricative, and their minimal contrasts with the pure voiced consonant; c） the reconstruction of three sets of affricatives and the distinction between dorsal sound and dental sound; d）the reconstruction of 16 consonant clusters with the preposed ‘h-’ and ‘h-’ and the related reasons.

关 键 词：西夏语 声母系统 构拟方法 羌语支 

分 类 号：H211.7[语言文字—少数民族语言]