北京市某高校大学生拒绝接种乙肝疫苗行为的质性研究  

A Qualitative Study on University Students' Rejection of Hepatitis B Vaccine in a University in Beijing

作　　者：刘燕[1] 胡晓江[1] 彭向东[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学社会发展与公共政策学院,北京100875

出　　处：《医学与社会》2016年第4期70-72,共3页Medicine and Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"预防接种异常反应:风险的社会扩大和社会管理";编号为71373027

摘　　要：目的:探究大学生如何进行乙肝疫苗接种决策。方法:采用质性研究方法,通过方便抽样对6名(信息已饱和)拒绝接种乙肝疫苗的大学生进行半结构深度访谈,全程录音。将录音转成文本后对内容进行编码,找出主题,然后归类分析。结果:大学生乙肝接种决策过程分为3个阶段:决策前弄清是否为强制接种,如强制则会无条件配合;初决策时,或进行自我决策或进行家庭决策或不知如何决策;最终决策在参考身边人的决策后形成。费用是拒绝接种最容易找到且最直接的借口,往往掩盖其他更本质的原因,特别是风险弱感知。权威角色和身边人的决策通过强化或弱化个体的风险感知与责任认知对最终决策产生最关键的影响,而对权威和身边人的信任和对群体压力的服从通常无法用理性健康行为框架进行清晰解释。结论:提高大学生疫苗接种率可通过强化权威作用、增强乙肝风险意识和塑造群体规范来实现。Objective： To explore how university students make their hepatitis B vaccine decisions and how they justify their rejection. Methods ： By using qualitative study method, a semi - structured in - depth interview study of 6 university students was conducted on the principle of convenience sampling. The number of interviewee depended on the saturation of information. The interviews were recorded. To encode the con- tent, find the topic, then classify and analysis them after transcribing the record into text. Results： The decision process has 3 stages ： to find out whether it is a compulsory vaccination prior to the decision; at the beginning of the decision, they dont know how to decide or decide by them- selves or their families; the final decision is made by consulting the people around. Cost is an excuse to refuse vaccination which can be easily found and trusted. Cost reason usually covers other essential factors especially the weak risk perception. Both the authorities and surrounding people＇s decisions have most critical influence to students＇final decision by strengthening or weakening individual risk perception and responsibility awareness. Their trust in surrounding people and obedience to authority cannot be interpreted as rationality. Conclusion： Hepatitis B vaccination rate of university students can be promoted by strengthening the influence of the authorities, enhancing their awareness of risk and shaping group norms.

关 键 词：接种 乙肝疫苗 大学生 决策 

分 类 号：R183.9[医药卫生—流行病学]