滇池金线鲃、西畴金线鲃及其杂交F1代抵抗小瓜虫与车轮虫能力的探究  

Resistibility of Sinocyclocheilus grahami,S. xichouensis and their hybrid F1 to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Trichodina spp.

作　　者：赵婷怡 潘晓赋[1] 陈小勇[1] 杨君兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明动物研究所遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室,昆明650223 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2016年第2期33-39,共7页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：中国科学院昆明动物研究所"一三五"重大专项;云南省应用基础研究面上项目(2012FB183);中国科学院西部之光(292006312D11033);云南省社会发展科技计划(2012CA014)

摘　　要：用小瓜虫（Ichthyophthirius multifiliis）和车轮虫（Trichodina spp.）对滇池金线鲃（Sinocyclocheilus grahami）和西畴金线鲃（S.xichouensis）及其杂交F1代分别进行了两次人工感染实验。18月龄的杂交F1代、滇池金线鲃（Sinocyclocheilus grahami）和西畴金线鲃（S.xichouensis）感染小瓜虫后平均死亡率分别为（50.00±11）%、（56.70±23）%、（80.0±18）%。经方差检验杂交F1代死亡率显著低于父本西畴金线鲃。6月龄杂交F1代、滇池金线鲃、西畴金线鲃感染车轮虫后的平均死亡率分别为（40.56±13）%、（56.11±5）%、（42.78±13）%。经方差检验杂交F1代死亡率显著低于母本滇池金线鲃。在感染小瓜虫和车轮虫后,三种鱼的死亡量均呈现激增后又显著回落的趋势,死亡高峰在第4天至第7天。本次感染实验的小瓜虫和车轮虫主要分布于病鱼体表：躯干分布最多57%-79%,其次为鳍12%-28%,头部分布较少4%-15%。与本研究中车轮虫几乎于鳃丝无分布（0%-3%）不同,有大约10%-20%的小瓜虫分布于鳃丝上。Sinocyclocheilus grahami,S. xichouensis and their hybrid F1（ S. grahami ♀ × S. xichouensis ♂） were infected twice by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Trichodina spp. artificially to conduct a investigation of their resistibility. The mean mortality rate of one and half a year＇ s hybrid F1,S. grahami and S. xichouensis which infected by I. multifiliis was（ 50. 00 ± 11） %,（ 56. 70 ± 23） %,（ 80. 0 ± 18） % respectively. The mortality rate of hybrid F1 was significantly lower than that of S. xichouensis by analysis of variance（ P〈0. 05）,it showed that the resistibility of hybrid F1 was obviously higher than its male parent. The mean mortality rate of half of a year＇s hybrid F1,S. grahami and S. xichouensis which infected by Trichodina spp. was（ 40. 56 ± 13） %,（ 56. 11 ± 05） %,（ 42. 78 ± 13） % respectively. As a result of analysis of variance,mortality rate of hybrid F1 was significantly lower than that of S. grahami,it showed that resistibility of hybrid F1 was higher than its female parent apparently. Hybrid F1,S. grahami and S. xichouensis showed the similar tendency in mortality,it rose significantly in the first 3 days and reached the top during the 4thto 7thday,and then had a gradual fall,finally it dropped to 0. Trichodina spp. which was used to infect fish in this experiment appear mainly on skin of body surface： there are about 57% - 79% on trunk,12% - 28% on fins and fewer on head 4% - 15%. There are 10% - 20%I. multifiliis which was found on gills,different with I. multifiliis there are rarely Trichodina spp. be found on gills in this research 0% - 3%.

关 键 词：杂交 滇池金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus grahami) 西畴金线鲃(S.xichouensis) 小瓜虫(Ichthyophthirius multifiliis) 车轮虫(Trichodina spp.) 

分 类 号：S941.5[农业科学—水产养殖]