老年人与非老年人自然通风住宅热适应模型对比研究  

Comparative research on thermal adaptive model of elderly people and non-elderly people in naturally ventilated house

作　　者：郭飞[1] 张鹤子 

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学建筑与艺术学院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《大连理工大学学报》2016年第2期147-152,共6页Journal of Dalian University of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51278078;51308087);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(DUT13RW306)

摘　　要：ASHRAE、EN15251标准推荐热适应模型作为自然通风建筑热环境评价与设计的依据,但并没有考虑老年人生理机能下降可能引起的差异.对寒冷地区大连119名老年人和106名非老年人自然通风住宅热适应模型进行对比研究,结果表明：自然通风条件下老年人更喜欢偏冷的热环境,老年人的热中性温度为21.33℃,低于非老年人的22.99℃;80%的老年人可接受的操作温度范围为16.07~22.78℃,低于80%非老年人的18.91~24.59℃;这个结果可能与老年人衣着量更大有关.老年人与非老年人春秋季首选的热适应措施均是增减衣物,夏季则是开窗通风;但是老年人更倾向不使用空调和采暖设备,并且对室内热环境和自然通风的满意率更低.老年人作为需要特殊关注的弱势群体,应用热适应模型进行老年人居住热环境设计时应充分考虑其生理特点;增加热环境的可调节性、加强自然通风对提升热环境满意度有较大的潜力.Standards ASHRAE and EN15251 recommend that thermal adaptive model can be taken as the basis for evaluating and designing the thermal environment of buildings with natural ventilation,but they do not consider the possible differences caused by the dropping physiological function of the elderly people.Comparative research on naturally ventilated house thermal adaptive model for 119 elderly people and 106non-elderly people in Dalian（a cold area）is carried out and the results show that in natural ventilation the elderly people like the colder thermal environment than the non-elderly people for the thermal neutral temperature of the elderly people is 21.33 ℃ and the thermal neutral temperature of the non-elderly people is 22.99℃;the acceptable operative temperature of 80% of the elderly people ranges from 16.07 ℃ to 22.78 ℃,and that of 80% of the non-elderly people ranges from 18.91 ℃ to 24.59 ℃.This result could be related to the higher clothing insulation of elderly people.The preferred thermal adaptive measure of the elderly and the non-elderly people in springs and falls is to increase or decrease the clothes,and the thermal adaptive measure in summer is to ventilate the room.However,the elderly people prefer not to use air conditioners and heating equipment,and have lower satisfaction of indoor thermal environment and natural ventilation.As the disadvantaged group which needs special care,the thermal environmental design of the elderly people′s residences using thermal adaptive model should take their physiological characteristics into full consideration,and increasing the adjustability of the thermal environment and strengthening the natural ventilation may greatly improve the satisfaction of thermal environment.

关 键 词：老年人 热适应模型 自然通风住宅 大连 

分 类 号：TU111.19[建筑科学—建筑理论]