不同挂膜方式填料成膜过程及其强化反硝化效能  

Biofilm Formation Process and Enhanced Denitrification Characteristics of Suspended Carriers under Different Cultivation Strategies

作　　者：谭阳[1] 王硕[1,2,3] 徐巧[1] 张光生[1,2,3] 李激[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]江南大学环境与土木工程学院,江苏无锡214122 [2]江苏省厌氧生物技术重点实验室,江苏无锡214122 [3]江苏高校水处理技术与材料协同创新中心,江苏苏州215009

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2016年第7期30-35,共6页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2015ZX07306001);江苏省重点研发计划(社会发展)科技示范工程(BE2015622);江南大学国家级大学生创新创业训练计划资助项目(201410295048)

摘　　要：针对污水处理厂出水总氮达标排放存在难度的现实问题,通过对SPR-1型悬浮填料缺氧挂膜过程的研究,对比悬浮填料系统和活性污泥+悬浮填料复合系统两种挂膜方式的成膜特性,提出基于缺氧生物膜技术的强化总氮去除方法。结果表明,采用好氧预挂膜结合快速排泥法对填料进行缺氧挂膜,悬浮填料上附着生物量显著提高,胞外聚合物总量与蛋白质/多糖值均升高,说明填料缺氧挂膜具有稳定的结构,硝态氮平均去除率达到97%,总氮平均去除率高于94%,且复合系统强化反硝化效果更为显著。在填充率为30%的条件下,污水处理厂曝气池填料+活性污泥系统和实验室培养填料+活性污泥系统达到90%硝态氮去除率的时间分别减少30.9%和47.4%。提高进水硝酸盐负荷后,复合系统填料达到90%硝态氮去除率的时间有所减少,而纯填料系统略微增加,复合系统在高硝酸盐负荷情况下表现出更好的反硝化能力,纯填料系统则更适用于低硝酸盐负荷条件。In order to enhance TN removal, the biofilm formation process of SPR-1 suspended carrier under anoxic condition was studied. The biofilm formation characteristics of suspended carrier system and the combined system of suspended carrier and activated sludge were compared, and an enhanced TN removal method based on anoxic biofilm was proposed. When the biofilm formation of the suspended carrier under anoxic condition was performed by biofilm formation under aerobic condition combined with rapid sludge discharge, the biomass on the suspended cartier obviously increased, and the total amount of extracellular polymeric substances （EPS） and protein/polysaccharides （PN/PS） ratio both increased, which showed that the biofilm formation of the suspended cartier under anoxic condition had a stable structure. The removal rates of nitrate nitrogen and TN were 97% and over 94% , respectively. The enhanced denitrification efficiency of the combined system was more significant. The time of achieving the nitrate nitrogen removal rate of 90% by carriers in aeration tank plus activated sludge and carriers culti- vated in laboratory plus activated sludge decreased by 30. 9% and 47.4% respectively. After the increase of nitrate loading rate in influent, the time of achieving the nitrate nitrogen removal rate of 90% by the combined system decreased to some extent while that by the suspended carrier system increased slightly. The combined system showed better denitrification capacity at high nitrate loading rate, however, the suspended carrier system was more suitable for low nitrate loading rate.

关 键 词：悬浮填料 缺氧挂膜 反硝化 胞外聚合物 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]