Geophone-seabed coupling effect and its correction  

陆检与海底的耦合作用及其校正方法（英文）

作　　者：张保庆[1,2] 周辉 李国发[1] 郭建卿[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京),油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,CNPC物探重点实验室,北京102249 [2]东方地球物理公司研究院大港分院,天津大港300280

出　　处：《Applied Geophysics》2016年第1期145-155,221,共12页应用地球物理（英文版）

基　　金：financially supported by BGP,CNPC

摘　　要：By summing geophone and hydrophone data with opposite polarity responses to water layer reverberation,the ocean bottom cable dual-sensor acquisition technique can effectively eliminate reverberation,broaden the frequency bandwidth,and improve both the resolution and fidelity of the seismic data.It is thus widely used in industry.However,it is difficult to ensure good coupling of the geophones with the seabed because of the impact of ocean flow,seafloor topography,and field operations;therefore,geophone data are seriously affected by the transfer function of the geophone-seabed coupling system.As a result,geophone data frequently have low signal-to-noise ratios（S/N）,which causes large differences in amplitude,frequency,and phases between geophone and hydrophone data that severely affect dual-sensor summation.In contrast,the hydrophone detects changes in brine pressure and has no coupling issues with the seabed;thus,hydrophone data always have good S/N.First,in this paper,the mathematical expression of the transfer function between geophone and seabed is presented.Second,the transfer function of the geophone-seabed is estimated using hydrophone data as reference traces,and finally,the coupling correction based on the estimated transfer function is implemented.Using this processing,the amplitude and phase differences between geophone and hydrophone data are removed,and the S/N of the geophone data are improved.Synthetic and real data examples then show that our method is feasible and practical.海底电缆双检采集是利用水检和陆检对海水层鸣震的响应极性相反,通过水、陆检数据的合并处理来消除海水层的鸣震,进而拓展了数据的频带范围,提高了资料的保真性和分辨率,而得到了广泛应用。但海底电缆双检资料中的陆检数据,由于受洋流、海底地形和施工工艺等的影响,很难保证其与海底的良好耦合,因而受耦合系统传输函数的影响比较大,造成水、陆检数据在振幅、频率、相位等方面的差异,降低了陆检数据的信噪比,影响了双检地震数据的合并处理效果。而海底电缆双检中的水检资料检测的是海水压力的变化,与海底不存在耦合问题,因而水检数据信噪比往往比较高。本文首先给出了陆检与海底耦合系统传输函数的数学表达式,然后利用水检数据作为约束条件估算出了陆检与海底耦合系统的传输函数,并利用估算出的传输函数对陆检数据进行了耦合校正处理,解决了陆检与海底的耦合效应对陆检数据的振幅、相位等的影响,提高了陆检数据的信噪比,取得了较好的应用效果。

关 键 词：OBC Dual-sensor Transfer function of geophone-seabed coupling system Coupling correction 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]