现象、模型与定律  

Phenomena,Models and Laws

作　　者：齐磊磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学科学技术哲学研究中心,广州510641

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2016年第2期55-59,共5页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目"科学中的模型研究"(13YJC720030);国家社科基金项目"语义模型与表征模型研究"(14BZX025);华南理工大学中央高校基本科研业务费滚动支持项目"理论的结构与科学的模型"(2015GD02)

摘　　要：科学的主题是研究现象,主要是通过建立模型揭示现象的规律性,发现自然定律,解释和预言现象。其中,现象是科学家们感兴趣的事物,是他们有目的的选择,它不仅受自然律支配同时也受随机性因素影响。所以,科学家们的目的就是把现象中的自然规律与随机性因素区分开来以便发现自然定律,实现的主要途径是建立模型。模型的作用是通过理想化或简单化,排除思想实验或在实验室中的干扰,构造模型,找出并表征科学定律。所以从语法上看,科学定律是普遍的、支持反事实条件、表现事物因果必然性的律则语句,科学定律并不是虚构的。The main task of science is to deal with phenomena.＂Dealing with＂such phenomena can mean modeling to reveal the regularity of phenomena,discover the law of nature,explain and predict phenomena. Phenomenon is what scientists are interested in and they choose it on purposes. Phenomenon is not only dominated by the laws of nature but also by stochastic factors. Therefore,scientists are trying to distinguish the laws of nature from stochastic factors in phenomena in order to find the laws of nature. Their main approach is to build models. The role of model may rely on idealization or simplification,to exclude the interference from though experiment or in the laboratory.So,from the point of view of syntax,the laws of science are nomological statements that are universal,supporting counterfactual conditions,and showing causality. The laws of science are not fictional.

关 键 词：现象 模型 定律 自然定律 科学定律 

分 类 号：N02[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]