生物炭对香蕉苗根际土壤微生物群落与代谢活性的影响  

Effects of Biochar on Microbial Communities and Metabolic Activity in Rhizospheric Soil of Banana Seedlings

作　　者：李航[1] 董涛[2] 王明元[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]华侨大学园艺系,福建厦门361021 [2]广东省农业科学院果树研究所,广东广州510640 [3]华侨大学园艺科学与工程研究所,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《微生物学杂志》2016年第1期42-48,共7页Journal of Microbiology

基　　金：农业部"948"计划项目子课题(2011-G16);广东省农业科技攻关项目(2012A020602023);广东省产学研项目(2012B091000159)

摘　　要：采用盆栽培养香蕉小苗,以生物炭与土壤的不同比例混合作为培养基质。3个月后采集香蕉苗根际土壤,采用稀释平板菌落计数法测定微生物数量;采用BIOLOG-ECO技术分析香蕉苗根际土壤微生物群落。结果显示,生物炭的施加能够显著增加土壤中微生物数量,生物炭低量(C1)施加对真菌、放线菌的数量就有明显提高,最高分别达到12.1×103cfu/g、10.2×104cfu/g。较高生物炭的施加量(C2、C3)显著提高细菌、氨化细菌和固氮菌数量,最高分别达到8.8×106cfu/g、4.5×103cfu/g、17.0×105cfu/g。BIOLOG-ECO分析表明,生物炭的施加提高了微生物群落平均颜色变化率(Average well color development,AWCD),多样性指数和碳源利用丰度。生物炭的施加提高了香蕉苗根际微生物对碳源的利用能力。在同一时期,微生物对不同碳源的利用能力均表现为C3处理组最高,CK较低。结果表明,生物炭的添加对提高香蕉苗根际土壤微生物群落数量,改善微生物群落构成和代谢具有显著作用。Potting of banana seedlings was adopted with mixture of biochip and soil in different proportions as cultivation substrata. Rhizospheric soil of banana seedlings was collected three months after the cultivation. The amount of microbes was determined and tested adopting attenuation plat colonies counting and BIOLOG-ECO technique to analyze the rhizospheric microbial communities of banana seedlings. The results showed that the application of biochar significantly increased the quantities of microbes. Low application of biochar（ C1） significantly increased the quantity of fungi and actinomycetes at the highest of 12. 1 × 10^3 cfu / g,10. 2 × 10^4 cfu / g respectively. biochar amendment（ C1）,while bacteria,ammonifying bacteria and azotobacter were at the high at 8. 8 × 10^6 cfu / g,4. 5 × 10^3 cfu / g,17. 0 ×10^5cfu / g as compared with higher biochar application（ C2 and C3）. BIOLOG-ECO analysis suggested that the application of biochar improved average well color development（ AWCD） of microbial communities,diversity index of Shannon index（ H） and carbon source utilization abundance of Evenness index（ E）. The biochar application improved the capability of rhizospheric microbial communities＇ utilization rates of carbon source rate. In addition,the microbial communities＇ utilization rates of carbon source in C3 treatment was the highest,and CK was fairly low in the same periods. Finally it was concluded that the addition of biochar had significant effects to improve the quantities of rhizospheric microbial communities and metabolism in banana seedlings.

关 键 词：生物炭 香蕉苗 微生物 群落 BIOLOG-ECO 

分 类 号：Q939.96[生物学—微生物学]