海岛景观生态风险演变研究——以舟山朱家尖岛为例  

Change of island landscape ecological risk:a case study of Zhujiajian Island of Zhoushan

作　　者：凡姚申 陈沈良[1] 谷国传[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200062

出　　处：《海洋通报》2016年第1期1-10,共10页Marine Science Bulletin

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项(201505012)

摘　　要：受自然过程和人类活动的影响,海岛景观生态风险处于不断演变之中。以浙江舟山朱家尖岛为例,基于1988-2014年间3期Landsat TM/ETM+遥感数据,进行土地利用/景观分类,计算景观格局指数,并引入生态风险指数,分析景观生态风险及其演变。结果表明:(1)26年间朱家尖岛景观格局发生了显著变化,林地和农田景观类型面积呈下降趋势,而建设用地、养殖区及未利用地等景观类型面积呈上升趋势;(2)1988年朱家尖岛以低和较低生态风险等级为主,至2014年中等和较高生态风险区面积持续上升,沿海出现高生态风险区;(3)从景观生态风险的空间演化趋势和速率看,低和较低生态风险区不断向岛内退缩,而中等和较高生态风险区不断向岛内扩张,朱家尖海峡大桥建成通车后的13年间景观生态风险等级的演化速率较前13年快。并初步探讨了降低以人类活动为主要风险源的海岛景观生态风险的方法。Influenced by the natural process and human activities, the ecological risk of island is changing constantly. Based on 3 phase Landsat TM/ETM＋ remote sensing data from 1988 to 2014, this paper classifies the land use/landscape category,calculates the landscape pattern indices, and introduces the ecological risk index, then analyzes the island landscape ecological risk and its change in the Zhujiajian Island of Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province. The results show that ：（1） Over26 years, great changes of landscape pattterns have taken place in Zhujiajian Island. The areas of woodland and farmland show a decreasing trend, while the areas of construction land, unused land and aquaculture land show a rising trend;（2）The landscape ecological risks of Zhujiajian Island mostly were at the low and lower grades in 1988. Medium and higher ecological risk grades rose continuously from 1988 to 2014. In 2014, in the coastal region appeared high ecological risk grade;（ 3） Judging from the spatial change trend and rate of landscape ecological risks, the region of low and lower ecological risk grades continues to retreat to the island, while the region of medium and higher ecological risks continues to extend to the island. After openning the Zhujiajian Strait Bridge, the ecological risk changing speed is much faster than that before. And the method of reducing the island landscape ecological risk whose main risk source is the human activity is preliminarily discussed in this paper.

关 键 词：海岛 遥感与GIS 景观 生态风险 朱家尖岛 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]