预估火炸药寿命的数学模型及其计算  

Mathematical Models and Its Calculations for Predicting the Life of Explosives and Propellants

作　　者：刘子如[1] 邵颖惠[1] 任晓宁[1] 常海[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2016年第2期1-7,共7页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家安全重大基础研究项目

摘　　要：评论了预估火炸药及其制品的安全贮存寿命、使用寿命和可靠贮存寿命的数学模型和计算方法,包括常用的Arrhenius方程、Berthelot方程和温度系数方程及修正的Arrhenius方程、加速因子方程、多应力因素的Eyring方程、交变老化温度的累积损伤模型、BP神经网络法、结构寿命和可靠寿命的预估方法等。提出了简单快速的点斜法和单温度定时法,认为可以通过失效概率的所谓界限模型计算火炸药及其制品的可靠性和可靠贮存寿命。比较了一些计算方法,给出了Arrhenius方程和Berthelot方程预估寿命相等的条件,指出了这些方法或方程的使用范围,并举例说明了一些模型和计算方法的实际应用。附参考文献30篇。The mathematical models and calculation methods for estimating the safe storage life,service life and reliable storage life of explosives and propellants and their products were reviewed,including commonly used Arrhenius equation,Berthelot equation and temperature coefficient equation,modified Arrhenius equation,accelerated factor equation,Eyring equation with multiple stress factors,cumulative damage model with alternating aging temperature,BP neural network method,structural life and reliable life prediction method etc.The simple and fast methods of point-slope method and single temperature timing method were proposed.It is considered that the reliability and reliable storage life of explosives and propellants and their products can be calculated by the so-called boundary model of the failure probability.Some computational methods were compared,and the conditions for estimating the same life by the Arrhenius equation and the Berthelot equation were given.The use scope of these methods or equations was pointed out,and some examples were given to illustrate the practical applications of some models and calculation methods.With 30 references.

关 键 词：物理化学 火炸药 寿命预估 寿命计算方法 安全寿命 使用寿命 可靠贮存寿命 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O64[理学—物理化学]