孕穗期低温胁迫对寒地水稻产量构成与株型特征的影响  

Effects of Booting Stage Cold Stress on Yield Components and Plant Type Characteristics of Rice in Cold Region

作　　者：王士强[1,2,3] 陈书强[4] 赵海红[5] 萧长亮[3] 顾春梅[3] 那永光[3] 解保胜[3] 曹立勇[2] 程式华[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110161 [2]中国水稻研究所水稻生物学国家重点实验室,杭州310006 [3]黑龙江省农垦科学院水稻研究所,黑龙江佳木斯154007 [4]黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯水稻研究所,黑龙江佳木斯154026 [5]黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院,黑龙江佳木斯154007

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2016年第2期129-134,共6页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家水稻产业技术体系(CARS);公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201403002);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD04B01-02)

摘　　要：为探明在低温胁迫下寒地粳稻群体的株型特征,选用黑龙江省稻区30份主栽品种和苗头品系,利用冷水灌溉在孕穗期进行低温胁迫处理,研究冷水胁迫下株型特征及其与产量构成的关系。结果表明,低温处理导致所有试材每穴实粒数、结实率、千粒重和产量下降,根据相对结实率分为1,3,5,7,9级,其中以5级和7级最多(占总材料的30%),1级最少(占总材料的10%)。冷水胁迫处理后,7级和9级材料颈穗弯曲度、每穗干重、着粒密度、杆长、节间长、倒一和倒二叶披垂度的冷水反应指数(CRI)小于1,且比1级和3级材料更容易受到冷水胁迫的负面影响,1,2次枝梗数的CRI值<1,但比1级和3级材料的冷水胁迫反应迟钝。相关分析表明,相对结实率与每穗干重、着粒密度和颈穗弯曲度的CRI值呈极显著正相关。可见,品种(系)的耐冷性强弱与穗部性状在低温反应的变化密切相关,即品种(系)的耐冷性越弱,颈穗弯曲度、每穗干重、着粒密度对低温反应越敏感。In order to identify the plant type characteristics of cold japonica population under cold stress, 30 rice cultivars andadvanced lines from Heilongjiang Province were used to investigate plant type characteristics and its relationship with yieldcomponents under cold water stress, using cold-water irrigation at booting stage. Results showed that the full seed number,setting percentage, thousand grain weight, and yield of all materials decreased for the low temperature treatments. The materialswere classified as 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 level by relative setting percentage. Most of the materials belonged to class 5 and 7 level（classes 5 and 7 accounted for 30% of the materials）, and the least number was level 1 （classes 1 accounted for 10% of the materials）.After cold water stress treating, the CRI of the curvature of panicle neck, spike weight, density of grain setting, culm length, flayleaf dropping angle, second leaf from top dropping angle, top first and second internode in cultivars 7 and 9 level were all lessthan 1 level, and they were affected more sensitively under cold water stress than cultivars 1 and 3 level. The CRI of thenumber of first panicle branches and the number of secondary panicle branches for level 7 and 9 were both less than 1, but theyresponsed slower than cultivars 1 and 3 materials under cold water stress. Results of the correlation analysis showed that the spikeweight CRI, density of grain setting CRI, curvature of panicle neck had highly significant positive correlation with the percentage ofseed setting rate CRI had highly significant positive correlation. And the result showed that the cold tolerance more weak of thematerials, the curvature of panicle neck, spike weight and density of grain setting was more sensitive to low temperature.

关 键 词：水稻 产量 结实率 株型 穗部性状 低温胁迫 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]