生物炭对玉米根系生长和氮素吸收及产量的影响  

Effect of Biochar on Root Growth, Absorption of Nitrogen and Maize Yield

作　　者：程效义[1] 孟军[1] 黄玉威[1] 梁皓[1] 鄂洋[1] 赫天一[1] 兰宇[1] 陈温福[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学辽宁省生物炭工程技术研究中心,沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2016年第2期218-223,共6页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41401325);科技支撑课题项目(2014BAD02B06);中央财政推广项目(GCNT-LN-18)

摘　　要：为了评估生物炭在玉米生产上的应用潜力与价值,探究生物炭对玉米根系生长、氮素吸收及产量的影响。采用田间试验,设置单施氮肥处理(N)和生物炭与氮肥配施处理(NS),以不施氮肥不施生物炭处理为对照(CK),分析施炭条件下,土壤理化性质,玉米根系生长、氮素吸收及产量的变化规律。结果表明:生物炭与氮肥配施显著降低土壤的容重,增加土壤的全氮和有机碳含量,促进灌浆期根系对氮素的吸收和籽粒氮素的积累;增加玉米灌浆期的总根长、根表面积及根系活跃吸收面积;与单施氮肥相比,生物炭与氮肥配施显著增加玉米的百粒重6.03%,提高玉米产量9.06%。相关分析表明,施用生物炭对玉米根系特征有显著正效应,从而促进根系对氮素的吸收和籽粒氮素的积累。可见,与单施氮肥相比,生物炭与氮肥配施可促进玉米根系生长和对氮素的吸收利用,提高玉米的产量。In order to assess the biochar application potential and efficiency on maize production, a field experiment was carriedout to explore the root growth of maize, the nitrogen absorption and maize yield with the biochar into soil. The variationcharacter on soil physical and chemical properties, maize root growth, nitrogen absorption and yield of maize were analyzedthrough the field experiment. Three treatments were assigned： neither biochar nor nitrogen fertilizer applied （CK）, single nitrogenfertilizer applied （N）, and biochar and nitrogen fertilizer applied together （NS）. The results investigated that the content of total Nand organic C in soil were increased significantly and the bulk density of soil decreased with the NS treatment. In addition, rootabsorption of nitrogen, grain accumulation of nitrogen and grain protein were increased significantly at the filling stage for NS.whats more, the total length, surface area and active absorption area of root were promoted significantly while biochar wasapplied into soil with nitrogen. Compared with single nitrogen treatment, the grain weight and maize yield was increased by6.03% and 9.06%, respectively for NS treatment. Correlation analysis showed that biochar addition had a significant positiveeffect on maize root system characteristics which promoted root absorption of nitrogen and grain nitrogen accumulation. Comparedwith the single nitrogen treatment, the root growth and its absorption of nitrogen were enhanced, besides, yield of maize wasimproved under the condition of biochar addition into soil.

关 键 词：生物炭 玉米 根系 氮素吸收 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]