深渊的物种组成与食物供应的研究进展  

Research Progress of Species Composition and Food Supply in Hadal Depths

作　　者：李伟文[1] 陈良标[2] 刘洋[1,3] 郭亚男[1] 许强华[1,2,3,4] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学深渊科学技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [4]远洋渔业协同创新中心,上海201306

出　　处：《浙江海洋学院学报（自然科学版）》2015年第6期571-577,共7页Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：深渊科学技术基金项目(HSTRC-S-2013-01);上海市教委科研创新项目曙光计划(13SG51);国家海洋局极地考察办公室对外合作支持项目(IC201304)

摘　　要：深渊是指垂直深度占海洋全深度45%的深部海洋,其极端的海洋环境条件,包括迄今最高的静水压力与完全缺失的光照,产生了高度特化的深渊生物与深渊生态系统,也因此吸引了各国科学家浓厚的兴趣。由于对海洋高技术的依赖,深渊生物与生态学研究也是目前海洋科学研究中最薄弱的环节。在深渊的物种组成中,片脚类占据着主要的组成部分。深渊的食物供应,除了化能合成菌为一些特定的生物提供一定的营养以外,主要的食物来源还是来自上层的微粒有机物质(POM)和腐肉,比如哺乳动物、鱼、还有大型无脊椎动物的尸体等。片脚类的相对丰富和尺寸最有可能与食物供应和捕食相关。本文总结了深渊的水文和物理特性,深渊生物组成和食物供应。Hadal trenches refer to the deepest ocean area with 45% of the marine vertical depth. The extremely unique environmental condition including the highest hydrostatic pressure and completely absence of sunlight, give rise to highly specific hadal organisms and hadal ecosystem, which attracts lots of scientists ＇interest. However, due to the dependence on marine high technologies, hadal biology and ecology is one of the weakest research areas in marine sciences. Amphipods represent a particularly conspicuous and ubiquitous component of trench fauna. Chemosynthetic bacterial communities occur in trenches, providing resources for specialized organisms. Surface-derived particulate organic matter（POM） and carrion falls, such as the carcass-es of mammals, fish and large invertebrates are the main food resources. The relative abundance and size of amphipods is most likely to be related to food supply and predation. This article summarized research progress on hadal biology and ecology, including non-biological characteristics, including hydrographic and physical characteristics, and biological characteristics, such as biological composition and food supply.

关 键 词：深渊 食物供应 生物组成 生态系统 

分 类 号：Q9[生物学]