机构地区:[1]中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学北京协和医院骨科,100730 [2]北京积水潭医院矫形骨科,100035
出 处:《中华骨科杂志》2016年第7期406-412,共7页Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics
基 金:北京市科委重大项目基金(D121100004212001)
摘 要:目的探讨术中膝关节周围注射镇痛在全膝关节置换术后多模式镇痛方案中的价值。方法采用多中心随机对照双盲研究,纳入2014年7月至2015年6月北京协和医院骨科和北京积水潭医院矫形骨科收治的初次单侧全膝关节置换患者101例。随机分为两组:关节注射组50例,术中于膝关节周围浸润注射混合镇痛注射液100ml(罗哌卡因200mg+芬太尼1μg+1:1000肾上腺素0.25mg+生理盐水);空白对照组51例。术后48h内均统一配置静脉患者自控镇痛(pa—tientcontrolledanalgesia,PCA)泵。比较术后两组的疼痛视觉模拟评分(visualanaloguescale,VAS)、开启静脉PCA泵的时间和用药总量、膝关节活动范围、上消化道不良事件及术后并发症。结果关节注射组PCA泵的开启时间为术后4-10h(M=8h),空白对照组为术后2~5h(M=4h),两组差异有统计学意义(Z=-4.201,P=0.000)。关节注射组术后12h、24h和总的静脉PCA泵用药剂量分别为(8.62±3.601)ml、(21.22±9.220)ml、(38.52±7.764)ml,均少于空白对照组[分别为(18.43±9.671)ml、(35.30±11.414)ml、(55.52±12.405)m1],差异有统计学意义(P均〈0.05)。关节注射组在麻醉恢复室时疼痛VAS评分为(2.40±1.927)分,小于空白对照组的(3.06±2.073)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.760,P=0.007)。两组术前一般资料、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、异体输血率、术后其余时点疼痛VAS评分、膝关节活动范围、主动直腿抬高时间、下地时间、住院时间的差异均无统计学意义(P均〉0.05)。结论膝关节周围注射镇痛可延长静脉PCA泵开启时间、节省阿片类药物用量、缓解术后早期疼痛,且无明显并发症,是安全且有效的全膝关节置换术围手术期镇痛方法。Objective To evaluate the additional efficacy of local anesthetic injection (LAI) as a part of multimodal analgesia in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with respect to pain, narcotic use, knee function and complications. Methods A multicenter randomized, controlled, double blind study was performed. A total of 101 patients undergoing unilateral TKA in two centers were randomly divided into injection group and control group. Injection group (50 cases) received local anesthetic injection of ropivacaine (200 mg), fentanyl (1μg) and epinephrine (1:1 000, 0.25 mg) in operation and control group (51 cases) did not. All patients received standardized general anesthesia and postoperative intravenous patient controlled analgesia (PCA). Preoperative baseline data, surgery-related conditions, postoperative pain (on a 0 to 10 scale), knee function, time of opening PCA, narcotic dosage in PCA and complications were compared respectively. Results The time of opening PCA in injection group (4-10 h, M=8 h) was longer than that in control group (2-5 h, M=4 h) (P〈0.05). The 12 h, 24 h and total narcotic use of PCA in injection group (8.62±3.601 ml, 21.22±9.220 ml, 38.52±7.764 ml) was less than that in control group (18.43±9,671 ml, 35.30± 11.414 ml, 55.52±12.405 ml) (P〈0.05). At post anesthesia care unit the mean VAS in injection group (2.40±1.927) was lower than that in control group (3.06±2.073) (P〈0.05). There was no difference in mean VAS at other time points, knee function, length of stay between two groups (P〉0.05). Conclusion LIA in TKA can relieve pain early after TKA, prolong the time of opening PCA and reduce narcotic use compared with patients without it. It is simple and safe to use.
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