南瓜胚囊再生植株倍性鉴定方法的比较  

Ploidy identification methods for regenerated plant from unfertilized ovary of pumpkin

作　　者：闵子扬[1,2] 刘泽发[1] 杨红波[3] 成娟[1] 孙小武[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学园艺园林学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南省西瓜甜瓜研究所,湖南长沙410125 [3]湖南省瓜类研究所,湖南邵阳422001

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第2期162-165,共4页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201303112)

摘　　要：以南瓜胚囊再生植株为材料,采用形态学鉴定法、根尖染色体计数法和气孔保卫细胞叶绿体计数法3种方法对46株南瓜胚囊再生植株的倍性进行鉴定。结果表明:在46株再生植株中,有12株再生植株生长势弱、叶片较薄、叶脉不明显、分枝少、根系不发达,与其他倍性植株在形态上有明显差异;进一步进行染色体计数后,发现仅有7株再生植株的染色体数n=x=22,7株单倍体植株的保卫细胞叶绿体数的平均值为4.28个,正常二倍体组培苗的平均叶绿体数目为8.37个。说明形态学鉴定法只能作为倍性鉴定的一种辅助方法,而染色体计数法虽直接、准确,但效率低,气孔保卫细胞叶绿体计数法高效、简便。Three methods of chromosomal counting of the root, morphological identification and chloroplasts counting of stomatal guard cell were used to identify the ploidy of 46 regenerated plants from unfertilized ovary pumpkin. The results showed that 12 regenerated plants were poor growth, thinner leaf, unobvious vein, fewer branches, undeveloped root system and significant differences in morphology compared to the others; only 7 regenerated plants were found that the chromosomal number was n=x=22 by chromosomal counting of the root; the average number of chloroplasts in stomatal guard cell was 4.28 for the seven haploid regeneration plants, while the normal tissue cultured seedling was 8.37. The results suggest that morphological identification is an auxiliary mean for ploidy identifications and chromosomal counting is a direct, accurate but inefficient method, chloroplasts counting in stomatal guard cell is easier and more effective.

关 键 词：南瓜 倍性鉴定 再生植株 形态学鉴定法 根尖染色体计数法 气孔保卫细胞叶绿体计数法 

分 类 号：S642.101[农业科学—蔬菜学]