干旱区春小麦垄作沟灌灌水质量评价指标研究  

Research on quality evaluation index of irrigation water on spring wheat in arid areas with ridge tillage and furrow irrigation

作　　者：孙克翠 张新民 金建新[3] 王文娟[4] 王雪苗[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学工学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省水土保持科学研究所,甘肃兰州730020 [3]宁夏农林科学院,宁夏银川750002 [4]甘肃省水利科学研究院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2016年第2期252-257,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"干旱区春小麦垄作沟灌技术参数研究"(51169002)

摘　　要：为了提高干旱区春小麦垄作沟灌的灌水质量,建立灌水技术参数优化模型,本试验研究垄沟参数(垄坡、垄宽、沟深、沟宽)、灌水技术参数(沟长、沟坡、入沟流量)之间的五种不同组合对垄作沟灌小麦的灌水质量评价指标、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:在田面坡度和沟型等参数不变的情况下,以第一次灌水为例,随着入沟流量的增长,10m测点的横向灌水均匀度T1、T2、T4和T5分别较T3处理降低了5.05%、10.1%、4.04%和9.09%,30m测点的横向灌水均匀度T1、T2、T4和T5分别较T3处理降低了7.96%、11.8%、2.15%和10.75%,田面坡度与各测点的横向灌水均匀度呈现负增长的规律;T4处理平均灌溉水利用率最高,T4较T1、T2、T3和T5分别增加了4.76%、5.94%、0.36%和2.9%;沟长50 m、垄宽40 cm、入沟流量1.5 L·s^(-1)、田面坡度1/1000的参数组合为垄作沟灌春小麦适应生长的最优组合,此组合下小麦各生育期的平均田间灌溉水利用率最高为85.3%,小麦产量最高为9142.87 kg·hm^(-2),同时水分利用效率亦达最高为29.18 kg·hm^(-2)·mm^(-1)。In order to improve the irrigation quality on spring wheat in arid areas by furrow irrigation,the optimization model for irrigation technical parameters had been established. The research was conducted through five combinations between furrow parameters（ ridge slope,ridge width,groove depth and groove width） and irrigation technical parameters（ groove length,ditch slope and ditch inflow）. Eventually influences on the evaluation indexes of irrigation water quality,the yield,and water use efficiency of ridge culture wheat were observed by furrow irrigation. The result showed that as exemplified by the first irrigation,under the condition of invariable parameters such as surface slope and furrow type,with the growth of the ditch flow,the lateral irrigation uniformity（ LIU） of 10 m measuring points by T1,T2,T4 and T5 were decreased by 5. 05%,10. 1%,4. 04% and 9. 09% from that by T3 treatment,and LIU at 30 m measuring points by T1,T2,T4 and T5 was decreased by 7. 96%,11. 8%,2. 15% and 10. 75% from that by T3 treatment,respectively. A negative growth between the slope of the field surface and the irrigation uniformity of each point was observed. Moreover,the average water utilization by T4 treatment was the highest,increased by 4. 76%,5. 94%,0. 36% and 2. 9% from that by T1,T2,T3 and T5. It was further found that the parameter combination（ groove length50 m,ridge width 40 cm,water volume 1. 5 L·s^-1into the furrows,the slope of field 1 /1000） was optimal for thegrowth of wheat. Under such condition,the average water utilization was 85. 3%,the yield of wheat was 9 142. 87 kg·hm^-2and the water use efficiency was 29. 18 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1,all reaching the highest.

关 键 词：垄作沟灌 灌水质量评价 春小麦 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]