振动和冲击的危害与防止  

Harm and Prevention from Vibration and Shock

作　　者：王锦强[1] 靳保民[1] 陈涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国船舶重工集团公司第七一八研究所,河北邯郸056027

出　　处：《舰船防化》2016年第1期63-66,共4页

摘　　要：针对振动与冲击对船舶机械电子设备的危害，对减振与隔冲的基本理论进行了阐述和分析，并提出机械电子设备抗振动冲击的一般设计方法。通过对隔振系数η与频率比（f／f0）及阻尼比号关系曲线的分析，当f／f0〈1时，隔振系数η≥1，振动力等值传递或被放大，此时系统无隔振效果；当f／f0=1时，隔振系数η为最大，振动力被放大，此时系统处于共振状态；当f／f0=√2时，隔振系数η=1，振动力等值传递，此时系统无隔振效果；当f／f0〉√2时，隔振系数η〈1，振动力减值传递，此时系统有隔振效果。隔振必要条件是频率比f／f0〉√2。在电子设备的减振设计中一般取频率比f／f0为2．5～4．5，也就是说要获得满意的隔振效果，应该使隔振支承系统的固有频率为振动力频率的1／2．5～1／4．5。Aiming at the harm of vibration and shock to the Mechanical and electronic equipment of ship, this paper describes and analyzes the basic theory of vibration reduction and shock resistance, and puts forward the general design method of vibration reduction and shock resistance of mechanical and electronic equipments. According to the analysis of the relationship curve of vibration isolation coefficient η and frequency ratio （ f/f0 ） and damping ratio ξ, when f/f0〈1, the isolation coefficient η≥1, vibration force is equivalent to the transfer or amplification, at this time, the system has no vibration isolation effect. When f/f0 =1, the isolation coefficient is maximum, the vibration force is enlarged, and the system is in the resonance state. When f/f0 =√2, vibration isolation coefficient η=1,vibration force is equivalent to transfer, at this time, the system has no vibration isolation effect. When f/f0 〉√2, vibration isolation coefficient η 〈 1, this vibration is weakened in the process of power transmission, at this time the system has the effect of vibration isolation. The necessary condition of isolation vibration is the frequency ratio f/ f0 〉 √2. In the vibration reduction design of electronic equipment, the frequency ratio of f/f0 is 2.5 - 4.5 To obtain satisfactory vibration isolation effect, the natural frequency of vibration isolation bearing system should be 1/2.5 - 1/4.5.

关 键 词：机械电子设备 振动 冲击 隔振支承系统设计 

分 类 号：U661.44[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]