工作让生活更美好：就业质量视角下的幸福感研究  

Job Quality and Subjective Well-being in Urban China

作　　者：卿石松[1] 郑加梅[2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学社会发展学院人口研究所,200241 [2]上海金融学院国际经贸学院、国购·自贸区金融研究院,201209

出　　处：《财贸经济》2016年第4期134-148,共15页Finance & Trade Economics

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“推动实现更高质量的就业研究”(批准号:13AZD005);上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“就业质量对主观幸福感的影响及其提升对策研究”(批准号:2013ESH001)

摘　　要：基于2003-2010年多轮中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,经验评估就业质量对幸福感的影响与作用机制,并为城镇居民幸福感的走势变迁提供解释。研究结果表明,工作是获取幸福感的重要来源,但并非任意工作,而是只有高质量就业才能提升幸福感。作为就业质量的主观评价指标,工作满意度与幸福感显著正相关,对工作表示非常不满意的就业人员,其幸福感水平甚至低于无业人员。路径分析发现,劳务派遣和零散工等不稳定的非正规就业,既对幸福感具有直接的负作用,又通过降低工作满意度和收入公平感而对幸福感产生间接影响。通过结构方程模型和双变量有序probit模型解决内生性问题之后,研究结论在幸福感的单项与多维度测量指标之间,以及不同年度调查数据之间保持稳健一致。积极就业政策背景下就业状况的改善,是理解中国居民幸福感水平自20世纪90年代持续下降而在2003年左右开始触底反弹的可行路径。推动实现更高质量的就业,不仅能够提升民生幸福,也是促进经济社会转型发展的重大举措。In this paper, we take subjective well-being （SWB） as an indicator of people＇s livelihood. Using data for urban China from the Chinese General Social Survey 2003- 2010, we apply various subjective and objective indicators of job quality to address the question of whether and how job quality contributes to SWB in China. Using ordered probit estimator, our analysis supports that job is an important source of SWB. However, not any job, but only high quality job can increase SWB. As a subjective job quality indicator, overall job satisfaction has a strong positive impact on SWB, and often workers with low job satisfaction are worse off than those without a job. In terms of objective indicators of job quality, we also find that there is no significant difference in SWB between dispatched or casual workers and unemployed. The results of path and mechanism analysis indicate that dispatched or casual work not only lowers individual SWB directly, but also decreases SWB indirectly by lowering job satisfaction and the sense of income equity. Using life satisfaction index for measuring SWB, our findings are consistent with that using one item self-reported well-being as an overall indicator. By this reason, the increase trend of SWB in China in recent ten years can be partly attributed to the improving of job quality under active labor market policy. We hope that the findings of this research will contribute to shaping public policies aiming at enhancing the quality of employment and in turn workers＇ well-being.

关 键 词：就业质量 幸福感 工作满意度 非正规就业 生活满意度 

分 类 号：C912.6[经济管理] F249.2[社会学]