论辩证唯物主义、历史唯物主义、实践唯物主义的内涵——基于概念史的考察与审视  

On the Synonymity of Dialectical Materialism,Historical Materialism and Practical Materialism:A Review Based on the Origin and Development of Conception

作　　者：杨耕[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学系,北京100875

出　　处：《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》2016年第2期5-25,157,共21页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：在马克思主义哲学体系中,不存在一个独立的、作为理论基础的辩证唯物主义,也不存在一个独立的、仅仅具有应用性质的历史唯物主义。辩证唯物主义就是历史唯物主义,历史唯物主义也就是辩证唯物主义。在哲学史上马克思第一次把实践提升为哲学的根本原则,转化为哲学的思维方式,科学地解答了人与世界的关系问题和人类解放何以可能的问题,从而实现了唯物主义和辩证法、唯物主义自然观和历史观的统一,创立一种实践、辩证、历史的唯物主义。实践唯物主义、辩证唯物主义、历史唯物主义不是三个不同的"主义",而是同一个"主义",即马克思新唯物主义三个不同称谓,是从三个不同维度反映了同一个世界观,即马克思主义世界观的特征。用"实践唯物主义"称谓马克思主义哲学,是为了凸显马克思主义哲学的实践维度及其首要性、基本性,马克思主义哲学不仅以一种新的方式解释世界,更重要的,是要改变世界,实现人的自由而全面发展;用"辩证唯物主义"称谓马克思主义哲学,是为了凸显马克思主义哲学的辩证法维度及其批判性、革命性,辩证法在本质上是批判的和革命的;用"历史唯物主义"来称谓马克思主义哲学,是为了凸显马克思主义哲学的历史维度及其彻底性、完备性,自从历史也得到唯物主义的解释之后,一条新的哲学发展道路和理论空间也从这里开辟出来了。In Marxist philosophy,there is no such a self-contained theoretical basis as dialectical materialism,nor is there any historical materialism that is said to restrict itself to mere applicability.Dialectical materialism is virtually historical materialism,and vice versa.In the history of philosophy,it was Marx that raised the concept of praxis up to the level of philosophical fundamentality,and turned it into a way of philosophical thinking,with sensible solutions to such issues as the relation between humans and the world,and the emancipation of the mankind,thus uniting materialism,dialectics and the natural and historical views of materialism as a whole.The materialism of a practical,dialectical and historical kind has been hence brought into being.That is why the so called practical materialism,dialectical materialism and historical materialism are definitely not distinctive doctrines,but the same world view of Marxist materialism from three dimensions.To define Marxist philosophy as practical materialism is to emphasize the practical dimension of Marxist philosophy,which is a new way not only to understand the world,but also,more importantly,to change it,thus the realization of free and integrated human development;to define Marxist philosophy as dialectical materialism is to highlight the dialectical dimension of Marxist philosophy,with its critical and revolutionary nature;and to define Marxist philosophy as historical materialism is to underline the historical dimension of Marxist philosophy,with its thoroughness and completeness.When history has got its materialist interpretation,a brand-new way of philosophy development has thus been brought into being.

关 键 词：马克思 新唯物主义 唯物主义辩证法 辩证唯物主义 历史科学 历史唯物主义 实践人道主义 实践唯物主义 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]