英语词典学的革命  

The Revolution in English Lexicography

作　　者：约翰.辛普森 田兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学词典学研究中心,广州510420

出　　处：《辞书研究》2016年第2期1-12,93,共12页Lexicographical Studies

摘　　要：文章以《牛津英语词典》编纂为例,回顾了20世纪英语词典学的发展,凸显了其第一版在创立编纂范式、编纂原则、经典特征中的奠基性贡献。20世纪英语词典编纂,主要是沿着"线性"路径发展的,即词典设计特征在不断丰富、完善和精准化。发展动因,一是语言学研究的突飞猛进,如《牛津英语词典》第二版语音描写对国际音标的采纳、语义描写对"世界英语"的涵盖;二是语言技术、信息技术的发展,引发了世纪之交的英语词典学革命:词典编纂更加表现为国际化和本土存在的有机结合;用户需求催生词典编纂数据收集、分析、提取、存储、呈现、检索等的技术革新;互联网时代语言信息剧增导致例证"采样"、筛选方式的变革;信息网络技术平台也为词典服务用户需求开发出全新途径和模式。《牛津英语词典》第三版的编纂正在经历这样的一场革命。The article, taking Oxford English Dictionary as an example, reviews English lexicography in the 20 ^(th)century,highlighting the fundamental role of OED1 in establishing the paradigms,principles, and classic features of dictionary compilation. In the 20 ^(th)century,English lexicography had developed linearly,with the design features of English dictionaries being continuously enriched,improved,and refined. The momentum of development principally came from 1) the rapid development of linguistics,for instance,the OED2 had adopted the IPA for its phonetic description and had expanded its semantic description to cover the 'world Englishes',and 2) the efficient application of language technology and information technology,which had brought about the revolution in English lexicography at the turn of the new century. To be more specific,dictionary making had become more of a combination of international and local existence,user requirements had generated technological innovations in data collection,analysis,extraction,storage,presentation,and retrieval,the dramatic increase of linguistic information in the Internet age had led to reformations in 'sampling'and filtering illustrative citations,and the information platform of Internet technology had helped the development of new models and means to serve the varied needs of dictionary users. The OED3 is now experiencing such a revolution.

关 键 词：《牛津英语词典》 编纂范式 设计特征 网络信息技术 范式革命 

分 类 号：H316[语言文字—英语]