泄水建筑物掺气坎射流空腔回水问题  

The backwater problem in cavity of jet flow from chute aerator on outlet structures

作　　者：胡彪[1] 宁利中[1] 田伟利[2] 宁碧波[3] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利工程国家重点实验室培育基地,西安710048 [2]上海大学美术学院,上海200444 [3]嘉兴学院建筑工程学院,浙江嘉兴314001

出　　处：《黑龙江大学工程学报》2016年第1期12-16,34,共6页Journal of Engineering of Heilongjiang University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(10872164);陕西省重点学科建设资金资助项目(00x901)

摘　　要：掺气减蚀是使泄水建筑物免遭空蚀破坏的重要措施。空腔特性是影响掺气效果的重要因素之一,而空腔长度和空腔积水是反映掺气空腔特性的两个重要指标。为提高掺气减蚀效果,应避免掺气空腔出现严重积水,使水流在掺气空腔内充分掺气。影响掺气空腔积水的因素众多且复杂。总结了空腔积水计算方法及掺气坎体型、泄槽底坡、冲击角、挑坎高度、挑角和空腔负压对空腔积水的研究成果。提出了进一步的研究建议。Aerator is an important method to protect outlet structures from cavitation damage. The cavity characteristic is an important factor affecting the flow aerator, while the cavity length and backwater are two important indicators which reflect the characteristics of aerated cavity. For a bottom aerator of effective air entrainment,serious backwater in the bottom cavity should be avoided,and the flow water fully aerated in the aeration cavity. The factors that affect the backwater are usually complex. The calculation method of the cavity,the shape of the aerator,the chute bottom slope,the impact angle,the height of the bucket,the bucket angle and the negative pressure of the cavity are summarized. Some suggestions for further research are put forward.

关 键 词：掺气减蚀 空腔积水 影响因素 掺气坎 

分 类 号：TV131.34[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]