美国应对“专利蟑螂”最新法律实践述评  

Analysis of the Latest Legal Practices Against “Patent Trolls” in USA

作　　者：谢光旗[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]韩山师范学院法律系 [2]中南财经政法大学 [3]美国布鲁克林法学院

出　　处：《电子知识产权》2016年第3期69-78,共10页Electronics Intellectual Property

基　　金：广东省普通高校特色创新项目(2014WTSCX087);韩山师范学院博士科研启动项目(QD20140910)

摘　　要：美国专利蟑螂仍在泛滥,我国专利蟑螂也已现端倪。2015年,美国继续努力遏制专利蟑螂。美国国会参、众两院议员提出了《创新法案》、《专利法案》、《2015索赔函透明法案》及《2015打击流氓及不透明信函法案》。这些法案有利于遏制专利蟑螂,但仍需改进。司法方面,美国联邦最高法院强调地区法院有职权和责任确保劝阻轻率案件,首次使用了"专利蟑螂"术语,重申滥发索赔函、轻率诉讼会给创新带来有害负担。对于美国规范索赔函、防治滥用诉权以及提高专利质量等法律实践,我国立法机关宜适当借鉴,我国出口企业应密切关注。Patent trolls were rampant in U.S.A, and patent trolls emerged in China. America kept trying to combat patent trolls in 2015. House Representatives and Senate Members proposed ＂Innovation Act＂, ＂Patent Act＂, ＂Demand Letter Transparency Act of 2015＂ and ＂Targeting Rogue and Opaque Letters Act of 2015＂. Although these bills may help to combat patent trolls, further amendments may be necessary. The United States Supreme Court emphasized that the district court had authority and responsibility to ensure frivolous cases were dissuaded, used the term of ＂Patent Trolls＂ for the first time, and stressed that abusing demand letter and filing frivolous lawsuits brought harmful burden on innovation. Chinese legislative body may learn the legal practices of regulating demand letter, preventing lawsuits abuse and improving the quality of patent in America, and Chinese export-oriented enterprises should pay close attention to these practices.

关 键 词：专利蟑螂 专利主张实体 索赔函 滥用诉权 专利法案 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学]