中美缓和与美韩同盟转型(1969—1972)  

Sino-US Rapprochement and the Transformation of the US-ROK Alliance,1969-1972

作　　者：梁志[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系,副教授上海200241

出　　处：《历史研究》2016年第1期98-113,193,共16页Historical Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目"朝鲜半岛紧张局势与美韩信任危机研究(1953-1976)"(12CSS006);国家社会科学基金特别委托项目"中国周边国家对华关系档案收集及历史研究"(15@zh009);上海市教育委员会科研创新重点项目"冷战时期朝鲜半岛危机与美韩同盟互信关系研究"(13ZS031)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：东西方关系的变动始终是影响美韩同盟战略互信的重要因素。尼克松政府上台伊始,美韩两国已处于互不信任的状态,中美缓和特别是美国采取的秘密外交的方式则进一步加剧了韩国的疑虑。虽然华盛顿一再重申对韩国的安全承诺,汉城亦不断表达推动朝鲜半岛和平的意愿,但美韩同盟内部并未重新建立互信。20世纪70年代上半期,韩国决定走向多边外交和自主国防,美国则通过各种方式防止朴正熙政府单方面进攻朝鲜。中美关系缓和不仅促使美韩同盟的性质发生转向,还在不同程度上导致日本、菲律宾和泰国等国家对美国信任度的下降,最终促使日本和菲律宾与中国建交。从这个意义上讲,中美缓和为20世纪70年代东亚国家打破意识形态壁垒、推动经济持续繁荣奠定了基础。Changes in East-West relations have consistently affected mutual trust between the strategic partners in the US-ROK alliance.A credibility gap on both sides was already present at the outset of the Nixon administration,and Sino-US rapprochement,especially the Nixon-Kissinger secret diplomacy,deepened the ROK's concern.Although Washington reaffirmed its security commitments to the ROK and Seoul repeatedly expressed its intention of promoting peace in the Korean Peninsula,it was not possible to rebuild mutual trust.In the first half of the 1970 s,the ROK determined to move toward multilateral foreign relations and built an autonomous defense,while the US tried through various means to prevent the Park Chung-Hee government from undertaking a unilateral attack on the DPRK.The rapprochement in Sino-US relations not only recalibrated the US-ROK alliance,but also caused distrust of the US,in varying degrees,in Japan,the Philippines,Thailand,etc.In the end,this led to Japan and the Philippines establishing diplomatic relations with China.In this sense,Sino-US rapprochement laid a solid foundation for the countries of East Asia to break down ideological barriers and promote continued regional economic prosperity in the 1970s.

关 键 词：尼克松 朴正熙 中美关系 驻韩美军 信任危机 

分 类 号：D822.371.2[政治法律—政治学] D831.26[政治法律—外交学]