沉积盆地动力学的研究现状、问题与展望  

Present state, scientific key points, and prospection of study on sedimentary basin geodynamics

作　　者：何登发[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083

出　　处：《地质科学》2016年第2期309-328,共20页Chinese Journal of Geology(Scientia Geologica Sinica)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目（编号：41430316,40739906,41272237）资助;致谢本文在写作过程中得到西北大学张国伟院士、中国地质大学（北京）王成善院士、中国科学院地质与地球物理所王清晨研究员、北京大学张进江教授的帮助,谨致谢忱!

摘　　要：沉积盆地动力学研究沉积盆地在地质历史时期的地质结构特征、成因机制及其对成矿、成藏的控制作用，是地球动力学研究的重要组成部分。30多年来，沉积盆地动力学经历了沉积盆地的板块构造分类与构造环境解释、盆地动力学的兴起，盆地综合建模与盆地系统动力学3个发展阶段；在沉积盆地的深部构造背景、盆-山关系、沉降机制、充填模式及其对能源、矿产的控制方面取得重要进展。目前，在对不同层次、不同尺度、不同机制的盆地动力学综合分析，全3-D和4-D盆地动力学模型的构建与检验，及学术界与工业界的充分结合等方面面临重要挑战。需解决一系列关键科学问题：沉积盆地的深部结构、过程与盆地形成；沉积盆地的构造-气候古地理；多旋回沉积盆地叠合动力学过程与原型盆地演化；叠合盆地复合成矿（藏）系统流体运聚及其资源、能源效应等。基于大数据综合集成、多学科交叉渗透、观测技术与分析方法的不断进步与完善，盆地动力学将在其结构构造、形成演化及其控矿（藏）的4-D综合模型方面取得突破，并为人类社会、经济发展做出贡献。Sedimentary Basin dynamics study the characteristics of geological structures, genetic mechanism and its controls upon mineralization and oil-and-gas pool-formation of the basin in the geological history. It is an important composition of earth geodynamics. Since the last 30 years, it has passed three stages such as basin plate-tectonic classification and tectonic setting interpretation, development of concept of basin dynamics and integrated basin modeling, and basin system dynamics. It made important advances in basin deep tectonic setting, coupling between basin and orogenic belt, subsidence mechanism, filling models and controls on energy, resources and mineral deposits. It at present meets great challenges at integrated and comprehensive analysis on different -sequential, -scale, and -mechanisms, establishment and test on full 3-D and 4-D basin dynamic models, as well as the full combination between research communities and industrial groups. The key scientific questions on sedimentary basin includes, the deep structure, process, and formation, the tectonic-climate paleo-gcography, dynamic processes of superimposition of multi-cycle sedimentary basins and the proto-type basin evolution, and fluid migration and accumulation in the composite mineralization system or petroleum system in the superimposed basins and its impact upon resources and energy. Based upon integration and analyses of big data, multi-subjects interaction, and progresses in surveying techniques and analyzing methods, sedimentary basin dynamics is to make critical breakthroughs on 4-D integrated basin models on the basin structures and tectonics, formation and evolution, and its controlling effect on mineralization and hydrocarbon pool-formation, and give its contribution for advances in human society and economic development.

关 键 词：沉积盆地动力学 板块构造 大陆流变学 4-D综合盆地模型 流体动力学 成矿(藏)效应 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]