吉林省东部粳稻生长和产量对移栽期和温度变化的反应  

Response of growth and yield of round-grained rice to transplanting date and temperature change in eastern Jilin Province

作　　者：邱译萱[1,2] 马树庆[2] 高峰[3] 邓奎才 全虎杰 柴庆荣 金龙范 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学,南京210044 [2]吉林省气象台,长春130062 [3]松原市气象局,吉林松原138000 [4]吉林省延边农业气象试验站,吉林延边133001

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2016年第4期909-916,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201306036)资助

摘　　要：以中晚熟水稻品种"吉粳811"为研究对象,于2013年和2014年在延吉市进行分期播种/移栽试验,分析了吉林省东部地区一季粳稻生长速度和产量对移栽期及温度变化的响应规律,确定该品种在研究地区的适宜播种期和移栽期,以减免低温冷害的影响。结果表明:播期/移栽期的推迟提升了生长季平均气温,水稻生长发育进程加快,有效生育期缩短,主要生长季内平均气温每升高1℃,水稻生长速率提升19%,生育期缩短5 d左右;吉林省东部地区水稻的适宜移栽温度为日均气温13.0℃,移栽过早或偏晚均导致减产;中晚熟品种水稻在4月18日前后播种、5月26日前后移栽可保证在霜前成熟,且产量高;中晚熟品种水稻移栽至成熟适宜活动积温为2280℃·d左右,活动积温每减少100℃·d,水稻产量下降1095 kg·hm^(-2)(约减产13%);积温不足导致水稻冷害发生,因而减产。To reduce the impact of chilling damage,an experiment of sowing and transplanting by stages of middle-late rice variety of Jijing 811 was conducted in Yanji,eastern Jilin Province in 2013 and 2014. The response of growth rate and yield of round-grained rice to transplanting and temperature change was analyzed,and the suitable sowing / transplanting dates of the rice were defined. The results showed that,with the delay of sowing / transplanting date,the average air temperature during the rice growth period rose,the rice growth was accelerated,and the effective growing days decreased. During the main growing periods of rice,when the mean temperature rose by 1 ℃,the growth rate increased by 19%,and growing days decreased approximately5 days. The suitable daily mean temperature for rice transplanting was about 13.0 ℃,and there was a reduction in rice yield when transplanting was earlier or later. To ensure rice maturation before the frost and get high yield,middle-late variety rice should be sowed on about April 18,and transplanted on about May 26 in the study area. For the middle-late maturing rice varieties,suitable accumulated temperature during transplanting to mature period was 2280 ℃ ·d or so. If the accumulated temperature decreased by 100 ℃ ·d,rice yield would decrease by 1095 kg·hm^（-2）（ about 13%）. Insufficient accumulated temperature may induce the occurrence of rice chilling injury,and thus a reduction of rice yield.

关 键 词：单季粳稻 分期移栽 气温 生长速率 产量 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]