温光条件与寒地水稻产量和源库特征的关系  

Effects of temperature and sunlight conditions on yield and source / sink characteristics of rice in cold region

作　　者：解保胜[1] 赵黎明[1] 那永光[1] 顾春梅[1] 王士强[1] 王丽萍[1] 王贺[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农垦科学院水稻研究所,黑龙江佳木斯154007

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2016年第4期917-924,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2012BAD04B0105;2012BAD04B0102);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201303102)资助

摘　　要：采用大田试验,以寒地水稻为研究对象,分析试验区2011—2014年气温和太阳辐射,比较不同年份间温光条件差异,探讨温光条件与水稻干物质积累、源库光合特征、产量及其构成之间的关系。结果表明:生育期内日活动积温利用率和日有效积温利用率呈逐年增加的趋势,而太阳辐射呈逐年降低的趋势,其中灌浆期太阳辐射强度以2014年居高;生育期内日活动积温和日有效积温及其利用率、抽穗后日平均太阳辐射强度与粒数、结实率、千粒重以及产量显著或极显著正相关;生育期内活动积温与产量(R^2=0.69)、生物产量(R^2=0.49)、抽穗期茎鞘干质量(R^2=0.74)及粒叶比(R^2=0.34)、收获指数(R^2=0.63)、群体生长速率(R^2=0.78)和净同化率(R^2=0.73)均呈二次函数关系,且拟合效果均达极显著水平,而与叶面积指数呈极显著正相关关系(R=0.80)。Field experiments were conducted from 2011 to 2014,to investigate the relationships between temperature-light factors and characteristics of dry matter accumulation,photosynthetic characteristics of source and sink,yield and its components of rice in a cold region. The results showed that the utilization rate of daily active and effective accumulated temperature tended to increase year by year,and solar radiation decreased year by year during the growth period. Solar radiation intensity was the highest in filling stage in 2014. The daily active accumulated temperature,daily effective accumulated temperature and its utilization rate during the whole growth period,and the daily average solar radiation intensity after heading were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with grain numbers per spike,setting rate,1000-grain weight,and yield. The active accumulated temperature during the whole growth period showed a quadratic function relationship with yield（ R^2= 0. 69）,biomass（ R^2= 0. 49）,dry weight of stem（ R^2=0.74）,and grain / leaf ratio（ R^2= 0.34） at the heading stage,harvest index（ R^2= 0.63）,crop growth rate（ R^2= 0.78） and net assimilation rate（ R^2= 0.73）,while it was extremely significantly positively correlated with the leaf area index（ R = 0.81）.

关 键 词：积温 太阳辐射 寒地水稻 产量 源库特征 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]