锦鸡儿(Caragana sinica (Buchoz) Rehd)传粉生物学研究  

Pollination biology of Caragana sinica (Buchoz) Rehd

作　　者：皮华强 权秋梅[1] 高辉[1] 黎云祥[1] 沈文文 杨子松[3] 杨贵平[4] 

机构地区：[1]西南野生动植物保护教育部重点实验室西华师范大学,南充637002 [2]鱼龙小学,南充637002 [3]阿坝师范高等专科学校,阿坝623002 [4]唐家河国家级自然保护区,广元628109

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第6期1652-1662,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：四川省科技厅应用基础项目(2015JY0140);西华师范大学科研启动项目(11B016)

摘　　要：对唐家河国家自然保护区内锦鸡儿(Caragana sinica(Buchoz)Rehd)的花期、访问者、有效传粉者种类及行为、花蜜分泌节律和繁育系统等进行定点观察和实验处理。结果表明:锦鸡儿单花花期约5d,种群花期约20d。拥有以吸蜜为主的条蜂属(Anthophora)、熊蜂属(Bombus)和太阳鸟属(Aethopyga)3种传粉者功能群。综合访花频率和花粉落置数,茜条蜂(Pyganthophora rubricus Dours)和蓝喉太阳鸟(Aethopyga gouldiae)为主要有效传粉者,熊蜂(Bombus)为次要有效传粉者;蚂蚁(formicidae)和西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera Linnaeus)为主要盗蜜者。套袋处理结果表明,花蜜分泌日变化中,最大花蜜量发生在16:00左右;花蜜随单花花期变化中,花蜜体积最大发生于单花第5天;分泌均呈递增趋势。花蜜分泌节律与访花频率呈正相关。繁育系统检测显示,花粉胚珠比为3779±320.92,柱头最适可授期在开花第2—3天;结合不同授粉处理表明:锦鸡儿自交不亲和,需要传粉者,为蜂媒兼鸟媒植物。The anthesis,visitors,pollinators and their behaviors,nectar secretion,breeding system of Caragana sinica（Buchoz） Rehd were investigated in Sichuan Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve. The results showed that the flowering span of single flower and the population approximately lasted 5,20 days for C. sinica（ Buchoz） Rehd,respectively. Pollinator functional groups were consisited of Anthophora,Bombus,Aethopyga. According to comparing difffrent pollinators of visitation frequency and pollen deposition on stigmas,the Pyganthophora rubricus Dours and Aethopyga gouldiae were primary efficient pollinators,Bombus was secondary efficient pollinator,formicidae and Apis mellifera Linnaeus were main robbers. The largest amount of nectar secretion of bagged flowers occurred at around 16：00 in diurnal,and the maximum volume of nectar occurred in fifth day,along with anthesis; All of them with an increasing trend. There was a positivecorrelation between nectar secretion and visiting frequency. Detection of breeding system indicated that pollen-ovule ratio was about 3779 ± 320. 9. The most suitable time of stigma receptivity happened at 2—3day after flowering. In conclusion,C. sinica（ Buchoz） Rehd needed pollinators and belong to melittophilae and ornithophilous cross-pollinated.

关 键 词：锦鸡儿 传粉者功能群 繁育系统 传粉效率 花蜜 

分 类 号：Q944.43[生物学—植物学]