鲫幼鱼(Carassius auratus)标准代谢个体差异与力竭后代谢特征及行为的关联  

Correlations between standard metabolic rate and metabolic characteristics after exhaustive exercise,and behavior in the juvenile crucian carp (Carassius auratus)

作　　者：曾令清[1] 付世建[1] 曹振东[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学进化生理与行为学实验室动物生物学重庆市重点实验室,重庆401331

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第6期1746-1755,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31300341;31172096);重庆市自然科学基金项目(cstc2014jcyj A00018);重庆市教委科技项目(KJ130619)

摘　　要：为考察鲫(Carassius auratus)幼鱼标准代谢的个体差异与运动力竭后代谢特征和行为的关系,在(25.0±0.5)℃条件下测定80尾鲫幼鱼标准代谢率(SMR),筛选出40尾实验鱼[体重(13.54±0.20)g,体长(8.05±0.07)cm],其中包括20尾高SMR个体和20尾低SMR个体,测定运动至力竭实验鱼的最大代谢率(MMR),并计算代谢空间(AS=MMR-SMR)、相对代谢空间(FAS)和过量耗氧(EPOC)总量,随后测定单尾鱼的快速启动行为[反应时间(RT)、最大线速度(Umax)、最大线加速度(Amax)和120ms移动距离(S120)]以及个性行为(勇敢性和活跃性)。结果显示鲫幼鱼的SMR与AS、FAS和EPOC总量均呈负相关,而与MMR不相关;MMR与AS、FAS和EPOC总量均呈正相关;协方差分析显示高SMR个体组的代谢恢复速率与低SMR个体组无显著差异。鲫幼鱼的SMR与快速启动行为的RT呈正相关,与Amax呈负相关,而与Umax和S120均不相关。在快速启动行为中,鲫幼鱼的RT与Umax、Amax和S120均呈负相关,而Umax与Amax和S120呈正相关。鲫幼鱼的SMR与其勇敢性指标如潜伏期(L)、曝露时间(ET)和探头频率(AF)以及活跃性指标如运动时间比(PTM)、撞墙频率(FHW)均不相关,但鲫幼鱼的PTM与FHW和ET呈正相关。研究表明在实验室条件下鲫幼鱼的能量代谢特征、快速启动和个性行为存在明显的个体差异现象,并且部分表型特征之间存在权衡,提示这些权衡可能是鲫幼鱼的生理、行为与栖息环境相互作用的综合结果。Consistent individual differences（ CIDs） in phenotypes,such as physiology and behavior,are widespread phenomena in most animal taxa. CIDs are individual differences in phenotype that are maintained over time（ e. g. as measured by repeatability） and across contexts. Many previous studies showed that there is a potential link between standard metabolic rate（ SMR） and other physiological traits,and animal personality exists in a diverse array of animal taxa. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the SMR and metabolic characteristics after exhaustive exercise,and behavior,as well as the individual differences in these phenotypes in the juvenile crucian carp（Carassius auratus）,a widely distributed and medium-sized Cyprinid species. To fulfill our aim,the SMR of 80 fish individuals was first measured at（25. 0 ± 0. 5） ℃,after which 40 individuals out of the total were selected to serve as theexperimental fish. These 40 fish included 20 higher-SMR individuals and 20 lower-SMR individuals. Secondly,after chasing individual fish until they reached the point of exercise exhaustion within 5 min,the maximum aerobic metabolic rate（MMR）,aerobic scope（AS = MMR- SMR）,factorial aerobic scope（FAS = MMR/SMR）,and magnitude of EPOC of each individual were examined during a 30 min period of metabolism recovery. Thirdly,the response time（ RT）,maximum linear speed（ Umax）,maximum linear acceleration speed（Amax）,and distance travelled in 120 ms（S120） during a fast-start escape response were measured. Lastly,indicators of animal personality,including boldness and activity were also studied in each of the 40 individuals. This study demonstrated that the SMR of the experimental fish correlated negatively and the MMR correlated positively with AS,FAS,and the magnitude of EPOC. Individuals with high SMRs exhibited the same recovery rate as those individuals with smaller SMRs. The SMR of the experimental fish correlated negatively with Amaxbut correlated positively wi

关 键 词：标准代谢率 快速启动 个性行为 个体差异 鲫 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]