45份宽皮柑桔野生和地方资源遗传多样性分析  

The Genetic Diversity of Wild and Landrace Mandarin Germplasms

作　　者：高恒锦 储春荣 王小柯[1] 陈绍彬 晏承泉[1] 闫树堂[1] 孙珍珠 江东[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学柑桔研究所,重庆400712 [2]江苏省苏州市果树科学研究所,江苏苏州215107

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2016年第2期1-9,共9页South China Fruits

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD01B04-22);公益性行业科研专项(201303093);2013年苏州市吴中区科技计划项目(WN201305)资助

摘　　要：利用SSR、InDel及来自于lncRNA的分子标记对不同地区的45份野生、半野生及地方宽皮柑桔资源进行了遗传多样性分析。31对引物共获得81个多态性标记位点,多态性标记位点的平均香农多样性指数为0.725,平均期望杂合度为0.413。群体遗传结构、主坐标轴和聚类分析均表明,莽山野柑是一类原始、独特的柑桔种质;起源于南岭山脉的野生宽皮柑桔,如悬崖野桔、道县野桔、江永野桔-1、莽山桔、崇义野桔和江永野桔-5等构成了一类相对独特的原始野生类群;古老栽培柑桔中的皱皮柑类型,包括旺苍皱皮柑、皱皮柑、藏桔等构成了另一个原始古老类群,现代栽培柑桔城固冰糖桔中具有典型皱皮柑基因的渗入;宽皮柑桔中的一些育成品种及杂柑资源,具有较丰富的遗传多样性。本研究证实了起源于南岭山脉一带的野生宽皮柑桔在遗传背景上较为接近,其多样性也低于现代栽培宽皮柑桔,缺乏人为驯化和外源基因渗入,为南岭山脉是我国宽皮柑桔的起源中心这一论断提供了科学依据。由于长期的人为驯化和外源基因的渗入,宽皮柑桔的演化伴随着遗传多样性水平由低向高逐渐演变的过程。Molecular markers derived from simple sequence repeat,insertion-deletion and long noncoding RNA were applied to study the genetic diversity of 45 wild,semi-wild and landrace mandarin germplasms.Thirty one pairs of primer produced 81 loci.The mean Shannon index and expected heterozygosity was 0.651 and 0.385,respectively.The genetic structure of population,principal coordinate and cluster analysis all showed that Mangshanyegan was an unique and primitive species of citrus.The wild mandarins originated in Nanling Mountain such as Daoxianyeju,Xuanyayeju,Mangshanju,Jiangyongyeju-1,Chongyiyeju and Jiangyongyeju-5formed a relatively special primitive wild species.The primitive landrace mandarin Zhoupigan such as Wangcangzhoupigan,Zhoupigan and Zangju were grouped into one clade.Genetic introgression was found in the old cultivar of Chenggubingtangju,which had similar geographical distribution with Zhoupigan.The modern breeding lines of mandarin exhibited richer genetic diversity comparing with the wild mandarins.Several wild mandarins originated in Nanling Mountain had similar genetic background and lower genetic diversity due to less domestication and limited exogenous genes introgression,which sup-ported the previous opinion that Nanling Mountain was the original center of mandarin.Long time of human selection and exogenous genes introgression resulted in the enlarged genetic diversity of mandarin cultivars during the evolution process.

关 键 词：宽皮柑桔 莽山野柑 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]