弗雷泽的社会观探析——评《〈旧约〉中的民间传说》  

An Exploration on Frazer's View of Society——A Review of Folk-lore in the Old Testament

作　　者：赵珽健 

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系

出　　处：《民族学刊》2016年第1期61-64,114-117,共8页Journal of Ethnology

摘　　要：弗雷泽的《旧约》研究对人类学的重要意义一直没有得到充分的挖掘。通过梳理《〈旧约〉中的民间传说》一书中弗雷泽对希伯来社会形态演变史的关注,结合《金枝》这本书,本文意在指出弗雷泽的研究中所蕴含的社会观。在弗雷泽的研究中,以古罗马为代表的神圣王权是一种重要的古代社会形态,但并不是唯一的形式,希伯来社会呈现了人类社会形态的另一种可能。在不同社会形态的比较当中,我们还可以体味到弗雷泽心中的理想社会的特征。Frazer＇s research on the Old Testament of the Bible has not been paid enough attention in anthropology. In Folk-lore in the Old Testament,Frazer demonstrated the evolutionary history of Hebraic social patterns. Combining this book with The Golden Bough,another classic by Frazer,this paper aims to reveal Frazer＇s view of society. In his research, divine kingship represented by ancient Rome is one,but not the only form of ancient society. This is because the Hebraic society manifests a form that differs from that of ancient Rome. Through the comparison of social structure,we can find Frazer＇s imagined ideal society.In the book The Golden Bough,by seeking to explain the remarkable rules which regulated the succession to the priesthood of Diana,James Frazer gave examples of the magical traditions existing all over the world. Magic is both a mode of thought and a system of practice. Frazer＇s discovery that the kingship in ancient Rome was closely related to magic laid the foundation for researching divine kingship in anthropology. However,we have to note that divine kingship is not the only pattern of ancient society. In his study of the Old Testament,Frazer found that kingship was not able to integrate the whole of society. This review aims to clarify Frazer＇s definition of Hebraic society,and reveal his conception of society behind it. Folk-lore in the Old Testament contains four parts. The first part titled ＂The Early Ages of the World＂is an analysis of creation myths,and will not be discussed here.The second part,＂The Patriarchal Age＂,is the beginning of his study on Hebraic history,and from it we can see the process of the evolution of society.I. Magic and Society of the Hebrew People The Patriarchal Period headed by Abraham was the beginning of Hebraic history. During that period,the Hebrews lived a nomadic life. Their society was organized into patriarchal clans. The Patriarch held both power and property,and was succeeded by his youngest son.The history of the Hebrews recorded in the Old Test

关 键 词：社会观 巫术 宗教 神圣王权 社会整体性 

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