自然保护区生态旅游开发适宜性尺度评价模型及其应用  

Nature Reserve Eco-Tourism Development Suitability Scale Evaluation Model and Application

作　　者：赵希勇[1,2] 闫金娟[2] 马建章[1] 于长江 赵海军 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]东北林业大学经济管理学院,哈尔滨150040 [3]内蒙古图牧吉国家级自然保护区,扎赉特旗137600

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2016年第1期67-71,共5页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：中国工程院咨询研究项目;国家自然科学基金专项基金项目(L1322010)

摘　　要：当前我国自然保护区开展生态旅游面临最主要的问题是如何准确把握适宜的开发尺度,实现生态旅游规模与效益、保护与开发的平衡,确保生态旅游沿着正确的方向进行。建立自然保护区生态旅游开发尺度评价体系、标准和模型成为当前生态旅游研究前沿。利用层次分析法、德尔菲法和模糊数学方法构建自然保护区生态旅游开发适宜性尺度评价体系和计算模型,把自然保护区生态旅游开发过程中面临的开发容量、开发强度、开发内容、设施建设的等要素通过细分为27项关键评价指标并进行量化,开发尺度评价划分为4个等级:严格的生态旅游、适度的生态旅游、大众型旅游和过度的旅游。其中前两个等级为自然保护区生态旅游的科学开发指明了方向,明确了开发的尺度与标准,对于科学指导自然保护区生态旅游规划、开发、管理具有很高的理论指导价值。以图牧吉自然保护区进行实证分析,经评价该保护区生态旅游开发尺度评价得分为82.135分,属于适度型生态旅游,在社区参与、设施建设、清洁能源利用等方面需要进一步加强。At present,the uppermost problem of eco-tourism development of nature reserves in China is how to accurately decide the appropriate scale of exploitation,to implement the balance of scale and benefit,and of protection and development to ensure that the eco-tourism develops in the correct way.It has become the research frontier of eco- tourism to establish scale evaluation system,model and standards for nature reserves eco-tourism development.Using AHP,Delphi and Fuzzy Mathematics,we set up the system and model and divide the elements of exploitation process,such as capacity,intensity,and content of exploitation,and facilities construction into 27 indexes and quantify them.Then we divide the exploitation scale into four grades：strict eco-tourism,moderate eco- tourism,mass type of eco- tourism and excess eco- tourism.The first two levels pointed out the direction of development for the scientific eco-tourism in nature reserves,clarified the standards and scale of exploitation,which have high value of theoretical guidance on scientifically guiding the planning,exploitation and management of eco-tourism in nature reserves.Taking Tumuji Nature Reserve for empirical analysis,we evaluated the scale of eco-tourism exploitation in this nature reserves and get scored 82.135 points,which belongs to moderate type of ecological tourism.It need to pay more attention and strengthen the construction in community participation,establishment of ecological construction,and utilization of clean energy,etc.

关 键 词：自然保护区 生态旅游 开发尺度 适宜性 评价 

分 类 号：S759.9[农业科学—森林经理学] F592[农业科学—林学]