北京市儿童监护人因素对预防接种影响的研究  

Influential factors of children immunization by their parents in Beijing

作　　者：虞睿[1] 张奕[1] 纪文艳[1] 刘维祥[1] 苗良[1] 吴疆[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京100013

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2016年第7期1307-1310,1320,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解北京市儿童监护人文化程度、收入水平、预防接种知识、态度和行为方面的现状,探索监护人对预防接种的影响因素,为有针对性开展免疫宣传提供有用的信息。方法本研究采用单纯随机抽样方法,对儿童监护人进行现场问卷调查。疫苗接种记录按北京市接种标准进行统计。分析方法采用描述性分析、单因素检验和多因素负二项回归模型分析。结果共调查监护人400名。61.0%的监护人文化程度以大专及以上。监护人上年家庭人均收入6万元,收入在1～5万之间的占53.3%。绝大多数监护人未外出务工陪在孩子身边,父母均外出的仅占2.5%。单因素分析显示父母亲均外出的儿童接种率与双亲不外出的儿童有显著性差异（=9.365,P=0.025）。对＂疫苗是安全的＂和＂接种疫苗没有不良反应＂观点赞同与否的监护人,其子女接种有显著差异（=10.795,P=0.005;=24.983,P〈0.001）。＂免费疫苗接种时犹豫＂和＂国产与进口疫苗的选择＂对儿童预防接种有影响（=5.611,P=0.018;=8.43,P=0.038）。监护人接种知识的知晓情况对儿童预防接种影响无统计学差异（P均〉0.05）。多因素分析发现父母外出、监护人文化程度、疫苗接种不良反应的态度有统计学意义。结论儿童监护人文化程度因素对预防接种有明显的影响;在北京市＂留守儿童＂同样也是不应忽视的群体;儿童监护人更关注预防接种管理要求,并且非常重视疫苗的安全性,但对于疫苗的不良反应认识不足。Objective To understand the education degree,income,knowledge,attitude,practice（ KAP） and so on about immunized children＇s parents,and search for immunization influential factors from parents,in order to provide available message to immunization pubic measure. Methods The parents of immunized children chose to complete the assessment questionnaires by simple random sampling. These children conformed to study standards. The data of influential factors was analyzed through the combination of descriptive study,single factor analysis by chi- square test and multiple factor analysis by the negative binomial regression model. Results Questionnaires were collected from 400 parents. The percentage of parent＇ s education degree above junior college was 61%. The family＇s annual per capita income was 60 thousand RMB,and 53. 3% between 10 to50 thousand. Most parents accompanied with their children,only 2. 5% left for business. The following factors were probably affected the immunization coverage by a single factor and multiple factor analysis,including children being left by their parents,an agreement to the viewpoint ＂vaccine is safety＂and ＂adverse events may occur following vaccination＂,hesitation on free vaccine and selection between local or import vaccine. Parents＇ knowledge about vaccination had no effect on coverage.Education degree might influence on immunization only in multiple factor analysis. Conclusion Education degree of parents has a significant effect on immunization coverage. Left- behind children should be paid more attention in Beijing. Immunization management is more concerned by parents. Safety of vaccine is great concerned by parents,but information about adverse events of vaccination is usually absence.

关 键 词：预防接种 影响因素 儿童监护人 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]