某省级肿瘤专科医院2012—2014年医院感染现患率调查  

Prevalence rates of healthcare-associated infection in a provincial tumor hospital from 2012 to 2014

作　　者：赵玲华[1] 景延婕[1] 李红[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省肿瘤医院,山西太原030013

出　　处：《中国感染控制杂志》2016年第3期179-182,共4页Chinese Journal of Infection Control

摘　　要：目的了解某省级肿瘤专科医院患者医院感染情况及变化趋势,为制定科学的医院感染预防控制措施加强医院感染管理提供依据。方法按照全国医院感染监测网统一的调查方法,对该院2012年9月19日、2013年8月20日及2014年8月13日0∶00—24∶00所有住院患者进行医院感染现患率调查,并对数据进行统计、分析。结果 2012—2014年医院感染现患率分别为6.93%、8.82%、8.10%;3年感染部位均以下呼吸道居首位,分别占30.00%、53.85%、47.44%,其次为上呼吸道、腹(盆)腔内组织、表浅切口及泌尿道等。医院感染病原体均以革兰阴性菌为主,分别占71.43%、66.67%、72.97%,且均以大肠埃希菌检出最多。2012—2014年抗菌药物使用率分别为18.23%、13.64%、17.70%;治疗性使用抗菌药物细菌培养送检率分别为74.51%、57.14%、55.68%,2012—2014年治疗性使用抗菌药物细菌培养送检率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.122,P=0.001)。Ⅰ类切口手术抗菌药物使用率分别为0.78%、6.25%、8.33%。结论通过医院感染现患率调查,有助于了解该院医院感染现状和医院感染预防控制工作中的不足,以便采取有针对性的措施,降低医院感染发病率。Objective To investigate the status and change trend of healthcare-associated infection（HAI）in a tumor hospital,so as to provide reference for formulating scientific control measures of HAI and strengthening management of HAI.Methods According to the requirement of the National HAI Surveillance Network,on September 19,2012,August 20,2013 and August 13,2014,survey on HAI prevalence rates among all hospitalized patients in this hospital were carried out,data were analyzed statistically.Results The prevalence rates of HAI from2012 to 2014 were 6.93%,8.82%,and 8.10% respectively;lower respiratory tract was the main infection site in three years,accounting for 30.00%,53.85%,and 47.44% respectively;followed by upper respiratory tract,abdominal（pelvic）tissue,superficial incision,and urinary tract.Gram-negative bacilli were the main pathogens causing HAI,accounting for 71.43%,66.67%,and 72.97% respectively,the detection rate of Escherichia coli was the highest.Antimicrobial usage rates in2012-2014 were 18.23%,13.64%,and 17.70%respectively;pathogenic detection rates in patients receiving therapeutic antimicrobial use were 74.51%,57.14%,and 55.68% respectively（χ2=15.122,P=0.001）.Antimicrobial usage rates in type Ⅰ incisional operation were 0.78%,6.25%,and8.33% respectively.Conclusion Survey of HAI prevalence rate is helpful for realizing the current situation of HAI and deficiency of prevention and control of HAI,taking targeted measures,and reducing incidence of HAI.

关 键 词：肿瘤医院 医院感染 现患率 病原体 抗菌药物 

分 类 号：R181.32[医药卫生—流行病学]