The West and the Middle East： Liberal Nationalism, Instrumental Nationalism  

作　　者：Gadi Hitman 

机构地区：[1]Ariel University and Beitberl Academic College, Israel

出　　处：《Cultural and Religious Studies》2016年第3期161-174,共14页文化与宗教研究（英文版）

摘　　要：This paper argues that there is no real nationalism in the Middle East and if is, then it is an instrumental. The historical process of the region which relates to nationalism has had three stages： （1） the European conquest that forced the indigenous people to battle both for freedom and confront a secular idea such as nationalism; （2） arbitrarily marked borders by the West disregarding ethnic religious and tribal lines and affinity; （3） the creation of Arab nation states with no solid infrastructure of shared national values. This perspective can help understand current political developments in light of the Arab spring upheavals, in Iraq, Syria and Libya.

关 键 词：Arab spring LIBERALISM NATIONALISM instrumental-ism tribalism 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] D562[政治法律—政治学]