减量施氮与间作大豆对蔗田碳平衡特征的影响  

Effects of reduced nitrogen application and sugarcane-soybean intercropping on carbon balance in sugarcane fields

作　　者：管奥湄[1] 章莹[1] 刘宇[1] 罗莎莎[1] 王建武[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所/农业部华南热带农业环境重点实验室/华南农业大学广东省高等学校农业生态与农村环境重点实验室,广州510642

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2016年第4期478-488,共11页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重大基础研究计划(973计划)项目(2011CB100400);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B16-04);广东省科技计划项目(2012A020100003)资助~~

摘　　要：为了研究氮肥投入及豆科作物间作对蔗田碳汇的影响,通过2年(2012—2013年)的大田试验,采用投入产出平衡法(即将作物生育期内的碳投入与碳产出进行量化分析),探讨2个蔗田施氮水平[300 kg·hm?2(减量施氮)和525 kg·hm?2(常规施氮)]和4种种植模式(甘蔗单作、大豆单作、甘蔗||大豆1行︰1行间作及甘蔗||大豆1行︰2行间作)下蔗田生态系统碳的输入和输出特征。结果表明,两种施氮处理甘蔗||大豆1︰2间作模式碳输入量均显著高于甘蔗单作和甘蔗||大豆1︰1间作模式。2012年减量施氮处理甘蔗||大豆1︰2间作模式碳输出量显著低于甘蔗单作和甘蔗||大豆1︰1间作模式,2013年差异不显著;甘蔗收获后,减量施氮处理甘蔗||大豆两种间作模式土壤碳截存量均显著高于甘蔗单作。甘蔗||大豆间作生态系统的碳收支与平衡分析表明,减量施氮处理甘蔗||大豆1︰2间作模式净碳固定量2012年为2 956.35 kg·hm?2,2013年为872.59 kg·hm?2。减量施氮处理甘蔗||大豆1︰2间作模式下农田固碳潜力大于其他处理,从农业可持续发展角度考虑,该模式具有一定的生态合理性。Intercropping has an outstandingly long history in China. Studies have reported several advantages of cereal-legume intercropping systems, including increased yields, land use efficiency, natural resources utilization, and pest and disease control. This has a huge potential to significantly contribute to the sustainability of modern agriculture. As cereal crop, sugarcane is a major economic crop used in the production of sugar in China. Its wide-row planting space and slow growth rate during initial growth stage provide the required niche of space and resources for intercropping. However, long-term mono-cropping of sugarcane along with the overuse of nitrogen fertilizer has induced severe nitrous pollution in the environment and high cost of agricultural production in South China. Sugarcane-soybean intercropping can reduce nitrogen application while maintaining high crop yield, in turn reducing the overall cost of farming, enriching soil fertility and enhancing soil carbon sequestration in the field. However, few studies have investigated carbon balance under sugarcane intercropping and carbon sequestration in sugarcane intercropping fields. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of sugarcaneand soybean intercropping under reduced nitrogen fertilizer on soil carbon balance. This study will further strengthen the scientific basis for the uptake and utilization of soil nutrient and the relationships among nutrition utilization and environmental factors under intercropping systems. To that end, a field experiment was conducted in 2012–2013 in South China Agriculture University. The study analyzed carbon balance and sequestration in farmlands in sugarcane-soybean intercropping systems with crop line ratio of 1︰1, sugarcane-soybean intercropping systems with crop line ratio of 1︰2, monocropped sugarcane（MS） under two nitrogen levels（N1, 300 kg·hm-2 and N2, 525 kg·hm-2） and monocropped soybean under zero nitrogen supply during crop growth season. Carbon balance and sequestration in far

关 键 词：甘蔗||大豆间作 减量施氮 碳输入 碳输出 碳平衡 农田固碳 

分 类 号：S344.2[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]