里约奥运周期我国艺术体操运动员损伤康复研究  

Study on Injury Rehabilitation for Chinese Elite Rhythmic Gymnasts' in Rio Olympic Cycle

作　　者：孙萍[1] 黄俊亚[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《西安体育学院学报》2016年第2期236-243,共8页Journal of Xi'an Physical Education University

摘　　要：通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、数理统计法等方法,对2013—2016奥运周期我国183名11~23岁优秀艺术体操运动员的损伤现状、损伤原因及康复策略进行了调查研究,旨在了解我国艺术体操运动员损伤特点,探讨造成损伤的风险因素,为延长运动员运动寿命,提高训练科学化水平提供参考。结果表明：此奥运周期我国艺术体操运动员运动损伤发生率高达87.4%,运动员带伤训练现象普遍;损伤部位最严重的部位依次是腰、膝、踝、足、髋,髋部损伤比率较上一奥运周期有明显下降;损伤类型主要为韧带损伤和肌肉与肌腱损伤,主要在跳跃和柔韧类难度动作过程中致伤;造成损伤的原因机制比较复杂,除训练学致因外,训练时间及分配不合理、评分规则对技术动作的导向、疲劳和带伤训练、不科学控体重导致营养失衡、关节松弛和晚熟等也是诱发损伤的风险因素。针对我国艺术体操运动员的损伤情况,提出强化基本功和力量训练、合理补充营养、科学控制体重、强化医务监督及康复训练等预防康复策略。By methods of literature review, questionnaire, expert interview, and statistics analysis, we studied the current sit- uation and rehabilitation strategy of sport injuries for 183 Chinese elite rhythmic gymnasts＇, aging from 11 to 23 years old. To know the characteristics of rhythmic gymnasts＇ sport injury, the research offers some rehabilitation strategy to Chinese rhyth- mic gymnasts according to their sport injuries. It is found that the injury rate of Chinese elite rhythmic gymnastics is up to 87.4% and most of them persist on training after they are injured so that they can resist the untoward effect of stop training. The most serious injured parts were spinal or disc - related, knee - joint, ankle, foot and hip joint. The injury rate of hip joint is lower than the last Olympic Cycle. The main types of injuries are ligament injuries and muscle tendon damage which are mainly caused by movements of frequent jumping and flexibility. The injury mechanism is complicated, besides training, unreasonable training time and distribution, the guide of code of points, over fatigue and training with injury, nutrition imbal- ance, joint laxity and delayed maturity also have some correlation with injury. We need to take prevention and rehabilitation systematically. The effective rehabilitation measures we could take are mainly to put a high premium on basic techniques and strength training, reasonable supplementary nutrition and control the weight scientifically, intensifying the medical supervi- sion and rehabilitation training, etc.

关 键 词：艺术体操 损伤 预防 康复 

分 类 号：G834.014.55[文化科学—体育训练]