一次结构法在球罐、塔、换热器等应力分析中的典型应用  

TYPICAL APPLICATION OF PRIMARY STRUCTURE METHOD IN STRESS ANALYSIS ON SPHERICAL TANKS,TOWERS AND HEAT EXCHANGERS

作　　者：桑如苞[1] 黄勇力[1] 刘汉宝[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石化工程建设有限公司,北京100101

出　　处：《石油化工设备技术》2016年第1期1-3,7,共4页Petrochemical Equipment Technology

摘　　要：压力容器强度分析涉及静强度、安定性和疲劳三种强度。强度分析通常应用有限元进行计算,由于有限元的计算结果无论薄膜应力或弯曲应力只能给出总的应力值,分不出其中与静强度相关连的一次应力成分和与安定性相关连的二次应力成分,无法进行相应的评定,解析法分析同样存在此问题。为从安全计,只能按一次应力处理,为此存在较大的保守性。一次结构法可以解决所分析的结构的静强度计算,在此基础上则可再应用有限元进行分析,可将除非线性部分外的应力全按二次应力处理,由此得到科学合理的的分析结果。文章首先阐述球罐分析设计中存在的问题,其次介绍一次结构法的应用,还介绍了一次结构法在换热器管板应力分析、法兰和封头设计及塔式容器中的应用情况。Strength analysis of pressure vessel involves static strength,shakedown and fatigue strength.Generally,finite element analysis(FEA) is the most commonly used method for strength analysis.Since the results given by FEA only include the total stress while the primary stress related to the static strength and secondary stress related to the shakedown cannot be given,the corresponding stress evaluation can't be made.The same problem exists in analytical method.For the sake of safety,the secondary stress can only be evaluated as primary stress,which will lead to conservative results.Primary structure method can solve the static strength calculation of the analyzed structure.And based on this,FEA method can be applied for further analysis and all stresses from FEA method can be classified into secondary stress except for the nonlinear part.Therefore,scientific and reasonable analysis results can be obtained.This paper expounds the problems existing in the design and analysis of spherical tanks firstly.Then it introduces the application of primary structure method in the stress analysis,design of flange and head and tower vessel of heat exchanger tube sheet.

关 键 词：压力容器 有限元 应力分析 一次结构法 

分 类 号：TE96[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]