海水模式种青鳉鱼(Oryzias melastigma)的胚胎发育观察  

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF A MARINE MODEL FISH ——MEDAKA ORYZIAS MELASTIGMA

作　　者：陈漪[1] 王晓杰[1,2,3] 冉皓宇 林昱[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学省部共建水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学国际海洋研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学海洋生物系统与神经科学研究所,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2016年第1期71-82,共12页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目;41306097号;中国科学院海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室开放课题;KLMEES2013号;上海高校水产学一流学科建设资助项目;国际海洋研究中心项目

摘　　要：海水青鳉鱼(Oryzias melastigma)作为一种新兴的海洋模式生物,可应用于海洋生态毒理学的研究。鱼类发育的早期阶段对污染物最为敏感,海水青鳉鱼胚胎毒性分析已成为毒理学研究的重要方法,但是目前尚未见有关海水青鳉胚胎发育的有关报道,因此本研究对海水青鳉鱼的繁殖习性和胚胎发育过程进行了详细观察。利用体视显微镜对海水青鳉的早期胚胎发育过程的形态特征进行了连续的实验观察,并描述了各个发育时期的特征。在水温(26±0.5)°C的条件下,海水青鳉鱼受精卵历时220h 30min孵化出膜。胚胎发育过程分为受精卵激活阶段、受精卵胚盘形成阶段、卵裂阶段、囊胚阶段、原肠胚阶段、神经胚阶段、器官形成阶段、孵化出膜阶段8个阶段,共分为33个时期。Marine medaka （Oryzias melastigma） is a promising potential model organism for ecotoxicology in marine environment. They are sensitive to pollutants in the early development. Therefore, we shall understand the embryo toxicity in the fish to establish an applicable standard for toxicity assessment. However, the embryonic development of it has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the reproductive habits and the stages of development of the fish in normal conditions. Fertilized eggs of O. Melastigma were incubated at （26~0.5）~C, and they were hatched out in 220h 30min, during which the process of embryonic development was carefully observed with a stereomicroscope. The embryonic development could be divided into 8 stages and 33 substages in diagnostic features of developing embryos. The major stages include those of fertilized egg activation, blastodisc formation, egg cleavage, blastula, grastula, neurula, organogenesis, and hatching out.

关 键 词：海水青鳉鱼 受精卵 胚胎发育 

分 类 号：Q954.4[生物学—动物学]