基于一维水沙模型的水库冲沙方式优化研究  

Optimization research of reservoir flushing scheme based on one-dimensional numerical model

作　　者：戴文鸿[1,2,3] 甘珑 冯逸君 陶国武 贾国新 

机构地区：[1]水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,南京210098 [2]河海大学水利水电学院,南京210098 [3]河海大学水资源高效利用与工程安全国家工程研究中心,南京210098

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技》2016年第2期111-117,共7页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51239003;51479071);江苏省自然科学基金面上项目(BK2012808);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(YS11001);高等学校学科创新引智计划资助(B12032);河海大学大学生创新训练计划项目(201510294003Y)~~

摘　　要：在天然河流上修建水库,破坏了河流水沙原本相对平衡的状态。泥沙进入库区后发生落淤,从而导致水库淤积。在水库的实际运用中,冲沙措施被广泛用于减缓水库的淤积速率。然而,冲沙需要耗费水库较多的水量,影响了水库的综合效益,为此必须协调水库淤积与水库兴利效益之间的关系。在选定合理冲沙水位和冲沙流量范围的基础上,应用一维非均匀流不平衡输沙模型,结合某多沙水库现行调度规程,对多种拟定冲沙方案下该水库的冲沙过程进行长期模拟,计算各方案下水库多年平均淤积量和多年平均发电量等指标,据此选取合适的冲沙方案。结果表明,持续时间较长的低水位冲沙方式的冲沙效果相对较好,能够在一定程度上减缓水库的淤积速率,同时发电量的损失也相对较小。Building reservoirs on a river breaks the original balance of flow and sediment.Once the incoming sediment begins to deposit,a siltation will take place in the reservoir area.To slow down the siltation,reservoir flushing is widely used in the reservoir operation.However,reservoir flushing will inevitably waste too much water of a reservoir,damaging the comprehensive benefits of the reservoir.Therefore,the relationship between siltation and benefits must be balanced.As for a certain reservoir,on the condition that the current operation regulations was obeyed,a long-term numerical simulation of flushing process was conducted for different flushing schemes,in which the reasonable ranges of water level and discharge of flushing were proposed,by adopting an one-dimensional non-uniform flow and non-equilibrium sediment transport model,and the multi-year average amount of siltation and electricity generation were calculated to be the indices of the selecting of appropriate flushing schemes.The results indicated that the flushing scheme of a lower water level and a longer duration had better effects on slowing down the siltation in the reservoir area,and lower loss of electricity generation.

关 键 词：一维水沙模型 多沙水库 冲沙方案 泥沙淤积 兴利效益 

分 类 号：TV697.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]