化学沉淀-微滤-络合-超滤处理高浓度含镍废水  

Treatment of wastewater containing high concentration nickel ions with precipitation-microfiltration-complexation-ultrafiltration processes

作　　者：张学俊[1] 曾坚贤[1] 张鹏[1] 申少华[1] 易良刚[1] 田俊[1] 李敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学化学化工学院,湖南湘潭411201

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2016年第4期1106-1111,共6页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201410534004);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51573041);湖南省教育厅科研重点项目(15A061);湖南省化学化工类专业校企合作人才培养示范基地(145812);湖南省化学与生物科学类专业大学生创新训练中心(G21323)

摘　　要：在pH=9下,镍离子浓度为5562.71mg/L的镍废水经充分沉淀后,以0.5μm孔径陶瓷膜微滤处理,发现浓缩时膜通量(J)先快速降低,经缓慢下降后,再较快降低,镍截留系数(RNi)接近1,当体积浓缩因子(VCF)从1增大到10时,截留液镍浓度(Cr)从5562.71mg/L浓缩至55507.76mg/L,渗透液镍浓度(C_p)为13.26mg/L.以陶瓷膜渗透液为料液,以聚乙烯亚胺为络合剂,考察聚合物与金属质量比(r_(p/m))、pH值、温度和操作压力对恒容超滤RNi和J的影响,并研究超滤浓缩过程.结果表明,RNi随r_(p/m)或pH增大而增大,随温度升高而略下降,与操作压力无关;J随温度或操作压力增大而增大,随pH增大而增大至不变,r_(p/m)对J影响甚微.超滤浓缩时,控制r_(p/m)=7和pH=9,当VCF从1增大到30时,J仅下降9.76%,C_r从13.26mg/L增大至396.64mg/L,C_p约0.04mg/L,镍离子被浓缩,超滤渗透液可直接排放.The wastewater containing high concentration（5562.71mg/L） of nickel ion was first completely precipitated at p H 9, and subsequently treated by a ceramic microfiltration membrane with a pore diameter of 0.5mm. During the concentration process, the membrane flux（J） dropped significantly at the initial stage, then declined slowly, and finally decreased at a rapid rate again. The nickel rejection coefficient（RNi） was found to be approx. 1. When the volume concentration factor（VCF） increased from 1 to 10, the nickel concentration in the retentate（Cr） increased from 5562.71 to 55507.76mg/L, whereas the nickel concentration in the permeate（Cp） remained nearly constant at approx. 13.26mg/L. Then, the complexation-ultrafiltration process was studied using the permeation fluid from the microfiltration process as the feed solution. Poly（ethylene imine） was employed as the complexing agent. The effects of the polymer/metal mass ratio（r_（p/m））, p H, temperature and operating pressure on RNi and J were investigated. Further, the process of ultrafiltration concentration was studied. The results showed that RNi increased with increasing r_（p/m） or pH and decreased slightly with temperature, and that the operating pressure exerted no effect on RNi; J increased with temperature or operating pressure. With increasing pH, J increased at first, and then reached a constant value. The effect of r_（p/m） on J was insignificant. The ultrafiltration concentration experiment was carried out at r_（p/m）=7 and pH=9. When VCF increased from 1to 30, J only declined by 9.76%. Cr increased linearly from 13.26 to 396.64mg/L, whereas Cp remained roughly unchanged at about 0.04mg/L. Nickel ions were concentrated effectively, and the permeation solution from the ultrafiltration process was discharged directly.

关 键 词：陶瓷膜 微滤 络合 超滤 镍离子 

分 类 号：X703.5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]