近代前期武术从业者群体的生存镜像与职业变迁  

Survival Mirror and Career Change of Wushu Practitioner Groups in the Early Stage of Modern Times

作　　者：唐芒果[1] 蔡仲林[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京体育学院休闲体育系,江苏南京210014 [2]湖北大学体育学院,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2016年第2期35-39,76,共6页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(批准号:12BTY051)

摘　　要：近代前期武术从业者群体的兴衰是该时期武术发展轨迹与特征的历史观照。运用社会学的视角,主要采用文献资料等研究方法,以武术从业者群体及其生存活动为研究对象,梳理武术从业者群体的变迁脉络,提炼其内在逻辑,为当代武术发展提供历史镜鉴。主要结论:1)近代前期武术从业者群体的职业活动呈现"生存挤压与社会低位"的总体特征,该时期的武术发展呈现冷热交替与高低起伏的历史特征;2)其群体的职业流动呈现"官方→民间"的特点,其群体的武术技能呈现"地位重要→地位冲击→地位挤压"的特点;3)其群体主要集中在社会底层,并带有一定的江湖文化色彩,社会地位低下;4)官方和民间是其群体生存活动的双重渠道,也是武术传播的双重渠道,应充分发挥民间渠道的力量推动当代武术的传播。The rise and fall of Wushu practitioners is the historical witness of Wushu＇s development track and characteristics in the early stage of modern times. In the perspective of professional sociology,this paper combed change track of Wushu practitioner groups and their activity and extracted its inner logic by the methods of literature and logical analysis. This study provided a historical reference to modern Wushu development. Main conclusions： 1） ＂Struggling to survive and low social status＂is the overall activity feature of Wushu practitioner groups in the early stage of the modern. The development of Wushu at that time displays hot and cold by turns and ups and downs; 2） ＂The official → the folk＂is the feature of its occupational mobility. ＂Important → shock → extrusion＂is the overall feature of group Wushu skills; 3） Their activities are mainly concentrated on the bottom of society,and has some street culture color. Their social status is very low; 4） Government and folk are their twotier tracks for survive and Wushu dissemination. We should give full play to the civil power to promote the development of Wushu.

关 键 词：武术 从业者 武科人员 摔跤艺人 民间拳师 武医 职业变迁 

分 类 号：G852[文化科学—民族体育]