基于异速生长理论的标准化最大力量评价的方法  

A Research on Evaluation of the Normalized Maximum Strength Based on the Allometric Theory

作　　者：张魏磊 刘晔[1] 赵文娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2016年第2期49-54,共6页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金："十一五"国家科技部科技支撑计划项目(编号:2006BAK33B00);教育部"运动与体质健康"重点实验室支持项目

摘　　要：目的:应用异速生长理论提出"标准化力量"的概念,建立评价最大力量的新方法,以消除体型尺度对评价结果的影响。方法:第1阶段测量120名普通大学生(男50人,女70人)的体重、瘦体重、握力、背力、腿力和整体力量,采用一元线性回归分析的方法计算出异速生长指数;第2阶段另外选取受试者55人(男24人,女31人)测试相同的指标进行回代检验,计算出各项标准化最大肌力。根据BMI进行体型分类,应用百分位数法观察不同体型受试者最大力量标准化计算前后在群体中所处位置的变化,来验证应用标准化力量评价人体最大肌力的效果。结果:身高与最大力量关系不密切,体重和瘦体重则与其具有非常显著的相关关系;经过标准化计算之后,各项最大力量指标的数值离散程度减小,即偏瘦组明显升高,正常组无明显变化,偏胖组与肥胖组则明显降低。结论:应用标准化最大力量的评价方法可较好排除体型尺度对评价结果的影响;身高不宜选为反映体型尺度的指标,体重与瘦体重可作为反映体型尺度的指标;人群特征、测试部位及方法等因素均可导致评价最大力量的异速生长指数产生差异。Purpose： This study proposed the concept of ＂normalized strength＂based on allometric theory,established a new method to evaluate maximum strength with eliminating the influence of body size. Methods： In phase I of trials,the body weight,lean body mass,grip strength,back strength,leg strength and overall strength of 120 normal college students（ male 50,female 70） were measured,and allometric exponents were caculated by unitary linearity regression. In phase Ⅱ of trials,55 subjects（ 24 male,31 female） were selected,their same indicators were measured to test the equation,and the normalized maximum strength was calculated. Study checked that whether the person＇s body size category is different from BMI body size category when clasified by percentile after normalized normalized maximum strength,which was used to test the effect of normalized strength on evaluating maximum strength. Results： Height is not correlated with the maximum strength,but body weight and lean body mass have significant correlations with it. After normalization,the numerical dispersion degree of the maximum strength indexes is reduced,these indexes of lean group,normal group and overweigh and obese groups are increased,not changed and decreased respectively. Conclusions： This evaluation of normalized maximum strength can eliminate the influence of body-size; height should not be selected as a indicator to reflect body size,body weight and lean body mass can be used as indicators to reflecte body size; population characteristics,test location,test methods and other factors can lead to differences in the allometric exponents.

关 键 词：异速生长 最大力量 标准化力量 体型尺度 评价 肌肉力量 

分 类 号：G804.49[文化科学—运动人体科学]