认知负荷调控对不同复杂程度运动技能学习的影响  

Effect of Cognitive Load Regulation on Different Complexity Motor Skill Learning

作　　者：梁波[1] 金珂屹[2] 姜勇[3] 宋冬寒[4] 

机构地区：[1]山东工商学院体育部,山东烟台264005 [2]大连大学体育学院,辽宁大连116622 [3]辽宁师范大学体育学院,辽宁大连116029 [4]沈阳音乐学院大连校区,辽宁大连116650

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2016年第2期125-133,共9页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目(14YJC890006)

摘　　要：运动技能学习过程中调控学习者的认知负荷可以解决信息资源和问题解决资源在学习者记忆空间的合理分配,有助于促进记忆系统对不同复杂程度运动技能各元素的编码、储存及提取,进而提高运动技能的学习效益。采用文献资料法、实验法、数理统计等方法,以篮球运动技能的学习为实验任务,探讨了认知负荷调控对不同复杂程度运动技能学习的影响。结论显示:在简单运动技能的学习过程中,优化学习者关联性认知负荷有助于促进运动技能的学习、保持与迁移;在复杂运动技能学习过程中,调控学习者内部认知负荷有助于促进运动技能的学习,降低外部认知负荷有助于促进运动技能的保持;优化学习者关联性认知负荷有助于促进复杂运动技能学习的迁移。研究提示:在简单运动技能的学习过程中应注意优化学习者的关联性认知负荷;复杂运动技能的学习过程中同时调控学习者内部认知负荷和降低外部认知负荷有助于提高运动技能的学习效益;在需要两侧肢体均衡发展的运动项目中,优化学习者关联性认知负荷有助于促进两侧肢体的协同发展。Regulation in the process of motor skill learning learners＇ cognitive load can solve the problem of information resource and solve the reasonable distribution of the resources in the learners＇ memory space,promote memory systems skill coding,storing and extracting information of each element of different complexity motor skill,and then improve the efficiency of the motor skill learning. This study detected the effect of cognitive load on different complexity motor skill learning according to basketball skill learning task by the methods of literature review,experiment,mathematical statistics and others. Conclusions： In the process of simple motor skill learning,optimization of the germane cognitive load is beneficial to promoting motor skill learning,maintaining and transfer.In the process of complex motor skill learning,regulating internal cognitive load is beneficial to promoting motor skill learning,reducing the external cognitive load is beneficial to promoting motor skill maintaining,and optimizing germane cognitive load is beneficial to promoting motor skill transfer. Suggestions： Germane cognitive load should be paid attention to in the process of simple motor skill learning. Regulation of internal cognitive load and decrease of external cognitive load in the process of complex motor skill learning are beneficial to improving learning efficiency. In sports needed the balance of both sides,the optimization of germane cognitive load can promote the coordinated development of both sides.

关 键 词：认知负荷 运动技能 不同复杂程度 学习效益 信息加工 工作记忆 篮球 

分 类 号：G841[文化科学—体育训练] G804.8[文化科学—体育学]