比较法视野下的“父母责任”  

The “Parental Responsibility”from the Perspective of Comparative Law

作　　者：夏吟兰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学

出　　处：《北方法学》2016年第1期25-34,共10页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：教育部国家人权教育与培训基地项目"以保障儿童人权为导向建构国家监护制度研究"(项目编号14JJD820017)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：父母是子女最大利益的守护者,对未成年子女的生存与发展承担首要责任。当代国际社会,在《儿童权利公约》标准的指引下,以父母履行责任与义务,保障子女最大利益为特征的子女本位立法已成为各国亲子关系立法的主流。我国婚姻法中涉及亲子关系的内容自1980年婚姻法以来从未修改,仍残存着父母本位立法的痕迹。有关父母对子女权利义务的规定过于概括、简略,父母抚养教育子女的内涵、边界及法律责任不明确、不具体,对子女权利的保护不周延。我国应在婚姻家庭法中单独设立亲子关系章,将"父母责任"作为上位法律术语,涵括父母对于子女在人身关系和财产关系方面所有的权利义务,全面、系统、具体地规范父母责任。对不履行或不当履行父母责任者,应当明确规定父母责任丧失、转移和恢复的条件和程序,由国家公权力介入,对未成年子女实行国家监护。As the guardians of the best interests of their children, parents bear the primary responsi- bility for the survival and development of minor children. In the contemporary international community, un- der the guidelines of standard in the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the legislative orientation on children has been established to fulfill the responsibilities and obligations of parents to protect the best inter- ests of children, which has become the mainstream standard of all countries for legislation on paternity However, regulations on the parent -child relationship in the Marriage Law have not amended since 1980s in our country and the legislative orientation on parents still remains. Provisions concerning rights and obli- gations of parents to children are rather broad and simple, while the connotation, boundaries and legal re- sponsibilities of parents to raise and educate their children are neither clear nor specific. Moreover, the pro- tection of the children＇s rights is far from comprehensive. Therefore, a separate chapter as to parent - child relationship should be formulated in the marriage and family law in which ＂parental responsibility＂ should be defined as a legal term enjoying superior legal status including all rights and obligations of parents for their children in terms of personal relations and property relations, and thus parental responsibilities can be formulated comprehensively, systematically and specifically. Parents who fail to perform or improperly per- form parental responsibility shall be determined to terminate, transfer or recover their parental responsibility under certain conditions and procedures. Thus by means of intervention of the public authorities, the nation- al guardianship of minor children should be implemented.

关 键 词：子女本位 父母责任 亲权 父母照顾权 国家监护 

分 类 号：DF51[政治法律—民商法学]