氰化尾渣中有价元素回收现状与展望  

Present situation and prospect of recovering valuable elements from cyanidation tailing

作　　者：吕翠翠[1,2] 丁剑[1,2] 付国燕[1,2] 刘娅[1,2] 鲁永刚[1] 钱鹏[1] 叶树峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院过程工程研究所,多相复杂系统国家重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《化工学报》2016年第4期1079-1089,共11页CIESC Journal

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2011AA06A104);十二五国家科技支撑项目(2011BAC06B01,2012BAB08B04)~~

摘　　要：氰化尾渣是我国的大宗危险固体废物。这种固体废物含有可回收的有价元素,如铜、铅、锌、金、银、硫、铁等。对氰化尾渣的综合利用既可以回收这些有价元素,实现矿石资源的最大化利用,又可以减少氰化尾渣中残存的药剂对环境的危害。本文从氰化尾渣的性质出发,总结了氰化尾渣的预处理方法,介绍了回收铜铅锌、硫铁、金银的研究现状,并指出现阶段存在的主要问题。针对研究现状和存在的问题,提出新工艺的开发、新药剂的研制、尾矿的再利用等发展方向。氰化尾渣的顺利解决将为社会带来一定经济效益和环境效益。The cyanidation tailing is a staple hazardous solid waste. It contains valuable elements, such as copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, sulfur, iron, etc.. Comprehensive utilization of cyanidation tailing not only recovers these valuable elements to achieve the maximum use of mineral resources, but also reduces its damage to the environment. In this paper, the characterization of cyanidation tailing was introduced. As the cyanidation tailing came from the gold extraction by cyanidation, the particle was very fine, and the residual cyanide in the tailing pulp was as much as 400 mg·L^-1. Thus, appropriate pretreatment should be carried out, which can be classified as physical, chemical and special technical methods. The research status and existing problem of recovering copper-lead-zinc, sulfur-iron and gold-silver from cyanidation tailing were then presented in detail. Based on the existing problem of treating cyanidation tailing, the future research topics on the development of new flotation technological flowsheet, synthesis of new reagents and the reuse of ultimate tailing were proposed. The comprehensive utilization of cyanidation tailing would bring about economic and environmental benefits eventually.

关 键 词：氰化尾渣 废物处理 有价元素 回收 浮选 

分 类 号：TD982[矿业工程—选矿]