金属材料中“塑性不稳定现象”的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Plastic Instability Phenomenon of Metal Materials

作　　者：许道奎[1] 李传强[1,2] 韩恩厚[1] 王磊[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院金属研究所材料环境腐蚀研究中心,辽宁沈阳110016 [2]东北大学材料与冶金学院,辽宁沈阳110819

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2016年第3期219-226,共8页Materials China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51171192;51271183;51301172);科技部973计划项目(2013 CB632205);中国科学院金属研究所创新基金

摘　　要：对于金属合金材料而言,出现的"塑性不稳定"现象或Portevin-Le Chatelier(PLC)效应主要表现为应力-应变曲线上的锯齿状波动,并伴随着空间上可传播的应变局域化,致使材料经受力变形后表面会出现凹凸化,最终导致材料整体塑性的降低。近年来,关于PLC效应的研究及其相应的实验手段已有很多相关报道。根据出现PLC效应的时空特性进行分类,锯齿波可分为A、B和C 3种类型。目前,关于PLC效应的理论解释主要归因于动态应变时效和位错切割机制。将重点介绍传统金属材料中存在塑性不稳定现象的研究进展,叙述并归纳微观结构、加载速率、受力状态和微观变形机制等对PLC效应的影响和作用规律,指出目前研究中存在的问题,提出将来的研究重点和发展方向。The phenomenon of plastic instability or Portevin-Le Chatelier （PLC） effect showing a serrated wave on the stress-strain curve and accompanied with the propagation of strain localization in space can widely occur in many metal ma- terials and induce sags and crests on the surface of materials during serrated flow, resulting in a degradation of the whole plasticity. On the basis of its space-time characteristics, the serrated wave can be divided into A, B and C types. At pres- ent, it mainly exists two main theoretical models, i. e. dynamic strain aging （DSA） and dislocation cutting mechanism for the explanation of the PLC effect. In this paper, the emphasis will be put on the research progress of the PLC effect oc- curred in the traditional metal materials. Moreover, the recent research work about effects of microstrueture, strain rate, stress state and micro mechanism on the PLC effect of metallic materials are reviewed and concluded. Finally, the existing problems in the current study, the research emphasis, direction in the future are also pointed out.

关 键 词：金属材料 Portevin—Le Chatelier效应 锯齿流变 动态应变时效 

分 类 号：TG131[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]